Fitness costs associated with laboratory induced resistance to chlorpyrifos in Spodoptera litura.

Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is a major polyphagous pest of global relevance due to the damage it causes to various crops. Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is generally used by farmers to manage S. litura, however, its widespread use has resulted in the development of insecticide resistance.

Effect of Chlorantraniliprole on Life History Traits and Relative Fitness of Laboratory-Selected Resistant and Susceptible Populations of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Insecticides are widely used to control pests and improve agricultural yield. The use of indiscriminate amounts and persistent pesticides has not only resulted in insect pest resistance challenges but has also harmed non-target organisms and contaminated the environment. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) resistance to chlorantraniliprole (CTPR) as part of insect resistance control programs.

The impact of lethal and sub-lethal exposure of emamectin benzoate on populations of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions.

Emamectin benzoate is an avermectin bio-insecticide commonly used for managing several insect pests including Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a major polyphagous pest of many cultivated crops. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of emamectin benzoate on the fitness of S. litura populations exhibiting differential susceptibility to insecticide.

Synthesis of thiazolidine-2,4-dione tethered 1,2,3-triazoles as α-amylase inhibitors: In vitro approach coupled with QSAR, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and ADMET studies.

A new series of thiazolidine-2,4-dione tethered 1,2,3-triazole derivatives were designed, synthesized and screened for their α-amylase inhibitory potential employing in vitro and in silico approaches. The target compounds were synthesized with the help of Cu (I) catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of terminal alkyne with numerous azides, followed by unambiguously characterizing the structure by employing various spectroscopic approaches. The synthesized derivatives were assessed for their in vitro α-amylase inhibition and it was found that thiazolidine-2,4-dione derivatives 6e, 6j, 6o, 6u and 6x exhibited comparable inhibition with the standard drug acarbose.

Hydrogels: An overview of its classifications, properties, and applications.

The review paper starts with the introduction to hydrogels along with broad literature survey covering different modes of synthesis including high energy radiation methods. After that, paper covered broad classification of the hydrogels depending upon the basis of their source of origin, method of synthesis, type of cross-linking present and ionic charges on bound groups. Another advanced category response triggered hydrogels, which includes pH, temperature, electro, and light and substrate responsive hydrogels was also studied.

-amylase inhibition and studies of novel naphtho[2,3-]imidazole-4,9-dione linked -acyl hydrazones.

To enrich the pool of -amylase inhibitors to manage Type 2 diabetes. Synthesis, conformational study, -amylase inhibitory action and various studies of novel -(arylbenzylidene)-2-(4,9-dioxo-4,9-dihydro-1-naphtho[2,3-]imidazol-1-yl)acetohydrazides carried out. Compound demonstrated the highest activity (IC = 0.

Thiazolidinedione-triazole conjugates: design, synthesis and probing of the α-amylase inhibitory potential.

The primary objective of this investigation was the synthesis, spectral interpretation and evaluation of the α-amylase inhibition of rationally designed thiazolidinedione-triazole conjugates (). The designed compounds were synthesized by stirring a mixture of thiazolidine-2,4-dione, propargyl bromide, cinnamaldehyde and azide derivatives in polyethylene glycol-400. The α-amylase inhibitory activity of the synthesized conjugates was examined by integrating and studies.

Lung Cancer Detection from CT Images: Modified Adaptive Threshold Segmentation with Support Vector Machines and Artificial Neural Network Classifier.

Objective: The objective of the research is to implement an advanced modified threshold segmentation and classification model for early and accurate detection of lung cancer from CT images.

Methods: Using the Support Vector Machines (SVM) classifier as well as the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) classifier, the authors propose using Modified adaptive threshold segmentation as a segmentation approach for cancer detection. Here, Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) datasets, a collection of CT scans, are used as the video frames in an investigation to authorize the recitation of the suggested technique.

Monte Carlo modelling and validation of the elekta synergy medical linear accelerator equipped with radiosurgical cones.

Monte Carlo simulations of medical linear accelerator heads help in visualizing the energy spectrum and angular spread of photons and electrons, energy deposition, and scattering from each of the head components. Hence, the purpose of this study was to validate the Monte Carlo model of the Elekta synergy medical linear accelerator equipped with stereotactic radio surgical connical collimators. For this, the Elekta synergy medical linear accelerator was modelled using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code.

Larvicidal, growth inhibitory and biochemical effects of soil bacterium, Pseudomonas sp. EN4 against Spodoptera litura (Fab.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Background: Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) also known as tobacco caterpillar, is one of the most serious polyphagous pests that cause economic losses to a variety of commercially important agricultural crops. Over the past few years, many conventional insecticides have been used to control this pest. However, the indiscriminate use of these chemicals has led to development of insecticide resistant populations of S.

Parsing structural fragments of thiazolidin-4-one based α-amylase inhibitors: A combined approach employing in vitro colorimetric screening and GA-MLR based QSAR modelling supported by molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and ADMET studies.

α-Amylase (EC.3.2.

Design, synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, single crystal X-ray analysis, in vitro α-amylase inhibition assay, DPPH free radical evaluation and computational studies of naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione appended 1,2,3-triazoles.

In our quest to design and develop N/O-containing inhibitors of α-amylase, we have tried to synergize the inhibitory action of 1,4-naphthoquinone, imidazole and 1,2,3-triazole motifs by incorporating these structures into a single matrix. For this, a series of novel naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-dione appended 1,2,3-triazoles is synthesized by a sequential approach involving [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 2-aryl-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-naphtho[2,3-d]imidazole-4,9-diones with substituted azides. The chemical structures of all the compounds are established with the help of 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, IR, mass and X-ray studies.

Sonochemical Protocols for Heterocyclic Synthesis: A Representative Review.

In the present era of the industrial revolution, we all are familiar with ever-increasing environmental pollution released from various chemical processes. Chemical production has had a severe impact on the environment and human health. For the betterment of our environment, the chemical community has turned their interest to developing green, harmless and sustainable synthetic processes.

Exploring biological efficacy of novel benzothiazole linked 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids as efficient α-amylase inhibitors: Synthesis, characterization, inhibition, molecular docking, molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo based QSAR studies.

In an effort to explore a class of novel antidiabetic agents, we have made an effort to synergize the α-amylase inhibitory potential of 1,3-benzothiazole and 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffolds by combining the two into a single structure via an ether linkage. The structure of synthesized benzothiazole clubbed oxadiazole derivatives are established by different spectral techniques. The synthesized hybrids are evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory potential against α-amylase.

Monte Carlo calculated detector-specific correction factors for Elekta radiosurgery cones.

A radiation field is considered small if its dimension is lower than the range of secondary electrons and the collimating devices partially occlude the source. Different detector types, such as unshielded diodes, diamond detectors, and small-volume ion chambers, are used for small-field measurements. Although the active volumes of these detectors are small, their non-water equivalent materials cause response variations.

Quantitative structure activity relationship studies of novel hydrazone derivatives as α-amylase inhibitors with index of ideality of correlation.

The present manuscript describes the synthesis, -amylase inhibition, studies and in-depth quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) of a library of aroyl hydrazones based on benzothiazole skeleton. All the compounds of the developed library are characterized by various spectral techniques. -Amylase inhibitory potential of all compounds has been explored, where compound exhibits remarkable -amylase inhibition of 87.

Synthesis, molecular docking and QSAR study of thiazole clubbed pyrazole hybrid as α-amylase inhibitor.

In search of potent α-amylase inhibitors, herein we report the synthesis, molecular docking and QSAR study of some thiazole clubbed pyrazole hybrids (TCPH) 1-((1-phenyl-3-aryl-1-pyrazole-4-yl)methylene)-2-(4-arylthiazole-2-yl)hydrazine as an α-amylase inhibitors. Among the different analogues, compounds and were found to be most potent at 50 µg/mL with 89.15% and 88.

Tendon Transfer for Persistent Radial Nerve Palsy Using Single-Split FCU Technique and Re-Routing of Extensor Pollicis Longus: A Prospective Study of 25 Cases.

Purpose: Optimal treatment of persistent radial nerve palsy is controversial. However, most authors agree that tendon transfers lead to satisfactory result in majority of patients. Triple tendon transfer using flexor carpi radialis, pronator teres, and palmaris longus is the most preferred tendon transfer.

Simulation studies on structural and thermal properties of alkane thiol capped gold nanoparticles.

The structural and thermal properties of the passivated gold nanoparticles were explored employing molecular dynamics simulation for the different surface coverage densities of the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of alkane thiol. The structural properties of the monolayer protected gold nanoparticles such us overall shape, organization and conformation of the capping alkane thiol chains were found to be influenced by the capping density. The structural order of the thiol capped gold nanoparticles enhances with the increase in the surface coverage density.

Bilateral central acetabular fracture dislocation in a young patient due to seizure activity: a case report and review of the literature.

Various musculoskeletal injuries are well known complications of epilepsy either because of direct trauma or because of unbalanced forceful muscle contraction. We report a case of non-traumatic bilateral central acetabular fracture dislocation due to seizure activity induced by neurocysticercosis of the brain, which was managed conservatively and obtained reasonable good outcome. This case highlights the importance of proper evaluation in young non-osteoporotic patients who have experienced an epileptic attack without any previous history.