The usefulness of evaluating PTEN expression for accurate grading of phyllodes tumors.

Phyllodes tumors (PTs) are classified as benign, borderline, or malignant based on histologic characteristics. However, because histological criteria are subjective and diagnosis requires integrating multiple findings, discrepancies often occur between observers. Therefore, it is necessary to discover biomarkers based on the molecular characteristics of PTs.

Comparison of the Right and Left Femur Bone Mineral Densities in Postmenopausal Women.

Objectives: Bone mineral density (BMD) is measured in the hip and posteroanterior spine; moreover, according to the 2019 International Society for Clinical Densitometry guidelines, unilateral hip can be used. This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference between the BMD of both the femurs in postmenopausal women.

Methods: A total of 343 postmenopausal women were enrolled in this study from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2019 at a single tertiary hospital.

A Recent Review of the Management of Postmenopausal Symptoms in Breast Cancer Survivors.

The treatment strategy for postmenopausal symptoms resulting from estrogen deficiency in breast cancer survivors receiving endocrine therapy should differ from that in normal women. Several nonhormonal pharmacological therapies can be used to treat vasomotor symptoms. Cognitive-behavioral therapy can help alleviate psychophysiological symptoms, including depression and sleep disorders.

Differentiating Uterine Sarcoma From Atypical Leiomyoma on Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Logistic Regression Classifier: Added Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging-Based Quantitative Parameters.

Objective: To evaluate the added value of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI)-based quantitative parameters to distinguish uterine sarcomas from atypical leiomyomas on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: A total of 138 patients (age, 43.7 ± 10.

Improving the diagnosis of endometriosis in Asia-Pacific: Consensus from the Asia-Pacific Endometriosis Expert Panel for Endometriosis.

Endometriosis should be diagnosed as early as possible in the continuum of care; but substantial delays of approximately 6-8 years between symptom onset and endometriosis diagnosis have been widely reported. With the purpose of improving the prompt diagnosis of endometriosis, the Asia-Pacific Endometriosis Expert Panel (APEX) sought to address the reasons for diagnostic delays across the region, and formulate a multi-pronged approach to overcoming these challenges. In the first instance, clinical diagnosis is preferable to surgical diagnosis, in order to facilitate earlier empirical treatment and minimize the negative sequelae of undiagnosed/untreated disease.

Single-cell profiling identifies distinct hormonal, immunologic, and inflammatory signatures of endometriosis-constituting cells.

Endometriosis consists of ectopic endometrial epithelial cells (EEECs) and ectopic endometrial stromal cells (EESCs) mixed with heterogeneous stromal cells. To address how endometriosis-constituting cells are different from normal endometrium and among endometriosis subtypes and how their molecular signatures are related to phenotypic manifestations, we analyzed ovarian endometrial cyst (OEC), superficial peritoneal endometriosis (SPE), and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) from 12 patients using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq). We identified 11 cell clusters, including EEEC, EESC, fibroblasts, inflammatory/immune, endothelial, mesothelial, and Schwann cells.

Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women with Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis Undergoing Surgical Treatment.

Objectives: This study aimed to demonstrate the bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition in postmenopausal women with knee osteoarthritis (OA) who underwent surgical treatment, such as total knee arthroplasty, osteotomy, or meniscectomy.

Methods: A total of 254 women with OA aged 50 years who underwent surgical treatment were enrolled in this study. We evaluated obesity-related factors, muscle components, and BMD using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Correlation between MRI Features of Adenomyosis and Clinical Presentation.

This study aimed to explore the correlation between MRI features, clinical risk factors, and symptoms associated with adenomyosis. Overall, 112 patients with pathologically confirmed adenomyosis were included in this retrospective study. MRI findings and clinical presentation, including visual analog scale (VAS) scores, cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and hemoglobin levels, and parity, were analyzed.

Robotic surgery in Gynecology: the present and the future.

Since its introduction, laparoscopic surgery has been often preferred over open surgery in obstetrics and gynecology due to its advantages, such as less bleeding, lower incidence of adhesions, reduced postoperative pain, short hospital stay, and quick return to daily life. However, in the case of complex surgeries, laparoscopy presented some limitations. Nonetheless, since the 1980s, medical robots have been introduced to overcome the technical limitations of laparoscopy and start a new age for minimally invasive surgery.

Fractional CO Laser Treatment Is Safe and Effective for the Management of Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in Korean Women.

This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of fractional CO lasers for treating genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) in Korean women. The patients received three laser applications at an interval of 4 weeks each. The severity of GSM symptoms was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) at baseline and at every visit.

Clinical Diagnosis and Early Medical Management for Endometriosis: Consensus from Asian Expert Group.

This work provides consensus guidance regarding clinical diagnosis and early medical management of endometriosis within Asia. Clinicians with expertise in endometriosis critically evaluated available evidence on clinical diagnosis and early medical management and their applicability to current clinical practices. Clinical diagnosis should focus on symptom recognition, which can be presumed to be endometriosis without laparoscopic confirmation.

The Potential of Transforming Growth Factor-beta Inhibitor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibitor as Therapeutic Agents for Uterine Leiomyoma.

Uterine leiomyoma is the most common benign tumor in women of reproductive age, and it can cause infertility. The growth of uterine leiomyoma is mediated by various steroids and growth factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression of various growth factors in uterine leiomyoma.

Association of hormone therapy and changes of objective sleep quality in women of late menopausal transition with sleep disorder: a preliminary study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in objective sleep quality with hormone therapy (HT) in women with late menopausal transition.

Methods: Healthy midlife women with sleep difficulty who received HT were included. Those undergoing late menopausal transition were screened.

A novel technique for myometrial defect closure after robot-assisted laparoscopic adenomyomectomy: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To introduce our novel technique for myometrial defect closure after adenomyomectomy.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cohort study. A total of 40 patients with adenomyosis who visited our clinic between October 2012 and January 2018 were recruited.

Vitamin D and the Immune System in Menopause: A Review.

Menopause is a normal phenomenon in a woman's life cycle involving multiple health-related issues that contribute to physical instability. Changes in the immune system in postmenopausal women are caused by estrogen deprivation along with age. Increased proinflammatory serum marker levels, cytokine responses in body cells, decreased CD4 T and B lymphocyte levels, and natural killer cell cytotoxic activity are also observed during postmenopause.

Safety Assessment of Endocrine Disruption by Menopausal Health Functional Ingredients.

During menopause, women experience various symptoms including hot flashes, mood changes, insomnia, and sweating. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been used as the main treatment for menopausal symptoms; however, other options are required for women with medical contraindications or without preference for HRT. Functional health foods are easily available options for relieving menopausal symptoms.

Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System Use in Perimenopausal Women.

The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is a highly effective contraceptive method that has several noncontraceptive benefits. It has been used in various gynecological conditions, such as heavy menstrual bleeding, dysmenorrhea, and endometrial hyperplasia. During the perimenopausal period, hormonal fluctuations occur, and there is a high tendency for the development of several benign gynecologic diseases.

Variables that prolong total operative time for robotic-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy: A 10-year tertiary hospital study in Korea.

Study Objective: To identify factors that prolong total operative time (TOT) in robotic-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy (RALM).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary university hospital.

Updates on Therapeutic Alternatives for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Managements.

Postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis, along with vasomotor symptoms and sleep disorders, is one of the most troublesome symptoms of menopause. However, many women do not manage this symptom properly due to insufficient knowledge of the symptoms or sexual embarrassment. With appropriate treatment, many postmenopausal women can experience relief from discomforts, including burning sensation or dryness of the vagina and dyspareunia.

Efficient myometrial defect closure in a layer by layer fashion after robot-assisted laparoscopic adenomyomectomy: a novel technique.

Objective: In this video, we present our novel technique for myometrial defect closure following robot-assisted laparoscopic adenomyomectomy.

Methods: A narrated video demonstration of our technique. Our patient was a 47-year-old single woman with severe dysmenorrhea, who did not respond to medical therapy and wished to preserve her uterus.