Burnt Plastic (Pyroplastic) from the M/V Ship Fire and Plastic Spill Contain Compounds That Activate Endocrine and Metabolism-Related Human and Fish Transcription Factors.

In May 2021, the M/V ship fire disaster led to the largest maritime spill of resin pellets (nurdles) and burnt plastic (pyroplastic). Field samples collected from beaches in Sri Lanka nearest to the ship comprised nurdles and pieces of pyroplastic. Three years later, the toxicity of the spilled material remains unresolved.

[Treatment of acute postoperative pain and prevention of chronic postoperative pain syndrome].

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) combined with pharmacotherapy for treatment and prevention postoperative pain syndrome.

Material And Methods: The study included 62 patients after cardiac surgery. In the main group (=31), patients underwent standard therapy combined with CBT including cognitive restructuring, behavioral activation and exposure therapy.

[Transitional pain service in surgery as an optimal strategy for the treatment and prevention of chronic postoperative pain].

The problem of chronic postoperative pain (CPP) has remained relevant over the past decades, despite the active development of anesthesiology and surgery. Existing approaches to the treatment of acute postoperative pain do not provide effective prevention of CPP. The analysis of the results of studies on this problem was carried out.

[Functional assessment of internal carotid artery tortuosity in patients with multifocal atherosclerosis].

The review is devoted to diagnosis and treatment of internal carotid artery tortuosity. The authors consider modern classification, epidemiology and diagnostic options using neuroimaging or ultrasound-assisted functional stress tests depending on medical history and complaints. In addition to standard Doppler ultrasound, rotational and orthostatic tests are advisable due to possible changes of local shape and hemodynamic parameters following body position changes, especially in patients with concomitant atherosclerotic stenosis.

[Dynamic functional assessment of internal carotid artery tortuosity in patients with multifocal atherosclerosis].

A personalized approach with attention to anamnesis and specific symptoms is necessary in patients with internal carotid artery tortuosity. Neuroimaging (especially before elective surgery) or functional stress tests following ultrasound of supra-aortic vessels may be necessary depending on medical history and complaints. In addition to standard Doppler ultrasound, these patients should undergo rotational and orthostatic transformation tests.

[Reflexology in patient rehabilitation with postoperative pain. (Literature review)].

Postoperative pain is a pressing medical problem, as it significantly reduces the quality of life of patients after surgical treatment. Chronic postoperative pain further disables patients and impairs their functional activity. Being a widespread interdisciplinary problem, postoperative pain requires the integration of various pain management methods in complex multimodal pain management in the acute period and treatment programs for its chronicity.

[Treatment and prevention phantom pain syndrome in mine-explosive injuries].

Phantom pain syndrome significantly impairs the quality of life and effectiveness of surgical treatment after limb amputations. The authors consider possible strategies for treatment and prevention in elective surgical intervention and mine-explosive injuries.

Comprehensive assessment of NR ligand polypharmacology by a multiplex reporter NR assay.

Nuclear receptors (NR) are ligand-modulated transcription factors that regulate multiple cell functions and thus represent excellent drug targets. However, due to a considerable NR structural homology, NR ligands often interact with multiple receptors. Here, we describe a multiplex reporter assay (the FACTORIAL NR) that enables parallel assessment of NR ligand activity across all 48 human NRs.

[Risk factors for neurological complications in the late period after operations on the ascending aortic arch].

Objective: To assess the risk factors for unfavorable neurological outcomes in the long-term follow-up periods (after 5 and 10 years) in patients undergoing planned operations on the ascending and arch of the aorta.

Material And Methods: The prospective study included 100 patients who were operated on at the FSBSI Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery and were observed over a long period of time (up to 10 years). Patients of group I (=50) underwent surgery on the aortic arch with antegrade cerebral perfusion and hypothermic circulatory arrest (26 °C).

[Chronic postoperative pain].

The problem of chronic postoperative pain has been actualized for the last 20 years all over the world. At least 10-40% of patients suffer from chronic pain after surgery. This review is devoted to the current state of the problem of chronic postoperative pain, risk factors and prediction of chronic pain.

[Evaluation of immediate complications and 10-years neurological outcomes in patients after reconstructive interventions on the ascending aorta and the aortic arch].

Objective: To estimate the frequency of early postoperative neurological complications in patients undergoing planned surgery on the ascending aortic and arch of the aorta, and their long-term outcomes.

Material And Methods: The prospective study included 100 patients who were operated on at the FSBSI Petrovsky Russian Research Center of Surgery. In group I (=50), operations were performed on the aortic arch with hypothermic circulatory arrest (26 °C) and antegrade cerebral perfusion.

Harmonized Cross-Species Assessment of Endocrine and Metabolic Disruptors by Ecotox FACTORIAL Assay.

Environmental pollution is a threat to humans and wildlife species. Of particular concern are endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). An important target of EDCs is nuclear receptors (NRs) that control endocrine and metabolic responses through transcriptional regulation.

[The efficacy of therapeutic nerve blocks in patients with cervicogenic headache].

Aim: To compare the efficacy of 2% articaine solution and 2% lidocaine solution used to perform therapeutic nerve blocks of the large occipital nerve in patients with cervicogenic headache.

Material And Methods: A randomized prospective comparative clinical study was conducted in two groups treated with articaine (n=22) or lidocaine (n=21). The therapeutic great occipital nerve blocks were performed on the 1st, 3d and 5th days of treatment.

[Differential diagnosis of neurological conditions in cardiac patients on the first day after cardiac, ascending aortic and aortic arch surgery and repair of internal carotid arteries].

The review is devoted to analysis of current trends in interdisciplinary approach to the differential diagnosis of patients' conditions on the first day after cardiac, ascending aortic and aortic arch surgery and repair of internal carotid arteries (neurological disorders, delirium, cognitive dysfunction, psycho-emotional disorders, postoperative sedation). This approach is valuable to determine the prognosis and timely treatment. The basic concepts reflecting the discussion between neurologists, cardiovascular surgeons, anesthetists, radiation diagnostics specialists and rehabilitators are summarized.

An analysis of blood flow indicators in pathological kinked internal carotid arteries with their orthostatic and rotational positions.

Aim: To assess the dynamics of blood flow in patients with hemodynamically significant pathological kinked internal carotid arteries (PK ICA) with their orthostatic and rotational positions.

Material And Methods: Eighty-six patients, including 35 with PK ICA due to fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) and 51 with PK ICA due to hypertensive heart disease, and 20 healthy people were examined. All patients underwent Doppler ultrasound scanning.

Heteroplasmic Variants of Mitochondrial DNA in Atherosclerotic Lesions of Human Aortic Intima.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are likely involved in atherogenesis. Since the mitochondrial genome variation can alter functional activity of cells, it is necessary to assess the presence in atherosclerotic lesions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) heteroplasmic mutations known to be associated with different pathological processes and ageing. In this study, mtDNA heteroplasmy and copy number (mtCN) were evaluated in the autopsy-derived samples of aortic intima differing by the type of atherosclerotic lesions.

[Early and long-term cognitive disorders after carotid endarterectomy].

Aim: To identify correlation of carotid endarterectomy with neurocognitive function and psycho-emotional state changes.

Material And Methods: There were 120 patients with internal carotid arteries (ICA) stenoses for the period from September 2013 to December 2016. The main group consisted of 100 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy for internal carotid artery stenosis, control group - 20 patients who refused surgery in 2014-2016.

Evaluating biological activity of compounds by transcription factor activity profiling.

Assessing the biological activity of compounds is an essential objective of biomedical research. We show that one can infer the bioactivity of compounds by assessing the activity of transcription factors (TFs) that regulate gene expression. Using a multiplex reporter system, the FACTORIAL, we characterized cell response to a compound by a quantitative signature, the TF activity profile (TFAP).

[ANAESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY ON THE AORTIC ARCH: THE NUANCES OF ORGAN PROTECTION].

Unlabelled: Aortic arch reconstruction is one of the most difficult surgical procedures. Therefore the aims of our study were: to choose appropriate flow rate for antegrade cerebral perfusion and assess its adequacy in relation to cerebral metabolic demands; to evaluate safety of temperature settings during the surgery; to assess the effectiveness of chosen protocol for brain and visceral organ protection during aortic arch reconstruction surgery. Our study included 67 patients.

[Treatment of myofascial pain syndrome].

Objective: To study different methods of treatment of patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MFPS).

Material And Methods: We evaluated the efficacy of complex treatment in 152 patients with chronic tension-type headache (СЕЕР) and 96 patients with facial MFPS. The treatment included standard methods (reflex therapy of СЕЕР and local injections of a combination of local anesthetics with small doses of steroids in trigger points in patients with facial MFPS.

[The results of early neurocognitive and neuropsychological testing in patients after ascending aorta and aortic arch surgeries].

It was investigated 30 patients after reconstructive ascending aorta and aortic arch surgeries. Neurocognitive testing was performed 2-3 days before surgery, through 24 hours and 10 days after surgery. Neurocognitive tests included Psychiatric Rating Scale, test "Information-Memory-Consideration Concentration", frontal dysfunction battery and test of clock drawing.

[Possibilities for the instrumental monitoring of neuralgia therapy].

Aim: To study the possibility of using a paired (test) H-reflex recovery test in the expert assessment of the intensity of acute pain syndromes and in the control of performed therapy.

Subjects And Methods: The authors analyzed 40 patients treated for radicular pain syndrome (RPS) caused by disk protrusion or herniation at the lumbar spine with the pain intensity of up to 9 points on digital rank scale of pain. As a clinical model they used a pathogenetically sound therapeutic blockade method including glucocorticosteroids for the therapy of acute neuralgia and basic medical therapy with Arcoxia 120 mg/day.

[Local invasive treatment of chronic pain].

The literature on methods of invasive local treatment of chronic pain was analyzed. We reviewed 14 publications including meta-analyses and systematic reviews. The use of regional anesthesia conducted by anesthesiologists in pain clinics demonstrated the evidence based efficacy of different types of peridural injections of local anesthetics with steroids in patients with root pain syndromes at cervical and lumbar levels.