Prenatal organophosphate pesticide exposure and sex-specific estimated Fetal size.

Prenatal organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure may be associated with reduced fetal growth, although studies are limited and have mixed results. We investigated associations between prenatal OP pesticide exposure and fetal size and modification by fetal sex. Maternal urinary concentrations of dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites were measured at three time points.

Exposure to organophosphate esters and maternal-child health.

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are a class of chemicals now widely used as flame retardants and plasticizers after the phase-out of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). However, OPEs carry their own risk of developmental toxicity, which poses concern for recent birth cohorts as they have become ubiquitous in the environment. In this review, we summarize the literature evaluating the association between OPE exposure and maternal, perinatal, and child health outcomes.

Two independent DNA repair pathways cause mutagenesis in template switching deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Upon DNA replication stress, cells utilize the postreplication repair pathway to repair single-stranded DNA and maintain genome integrity. Postreplication repair is divided into 2 branches: error-prone translesion synthesis, signaled by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) monoubiquitination, and error-free template switching, signaled by PCNA polyubiquitination. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rad5 is involved in both branches of repair during DNA replication stress.

Ambient temperature, heat stress and fetal growth: A review of placenta-mediated mechanisms.

Pregnancy is increasingly considered a period of vulnerability for extreme heat exposure. Multiple lines of evidence support that heat stress is associated with placental insufficiency, poor fetal growth and decreased birth weight. In this narrative review, we first summarize evidence linking ambient temperature or experimentally-induced heat stress with fetal and placental growth outcomes in humans, ruminants and murine species.

A Systematic Review of the Placental Translocation of Micro- and Nanoplastics.

Purpose Of Review: Despite increasing awareness of the ubiquity of microplastics (MPs) in our environments, little is known about their risk of developmental toxicity. Even less is known about the environmental distribution and associated toxicity of nanoplastics (NPs). Here, we review the current literature on the capacity for MPs and NPs to be transported across the placental barrier and the potential to exert toxicity on the developing fetus.

Usage of Children's Makeup and Body Products in the United States and Implications for Childhood Environmental Exposures.

There is growing evidence of toxicity associated with ingredients found in cosmetics and personal care products. Children's makeup and body products (CMBPs) are widely marketed to children throughout the US; however, little is known about how and why children use them. We administered a survey to parents/guardians of children aged ≤12 years about the use of CMBPs.

Peptic ulcer disease.

Patients with peptic ulcer disease are commonly seen by family physicians. The incidence of duodenal ulcer seems to be declining in the United States. Avoidance of inciting factors and the use of antacids and cimetidine are indicated in the treatment of duodenal ulcers.

Antibiotic prescribing in a family medicine residency program.

A total of 227 ambulatory patients who received prescriptions for antibiotics in a family practice residency program was studied. The common infections treated were urinary tract infections, upper respiratory tract infections, impetigo, nonspecific vaginitis, and bronchitis. Cultures obtained in 21.

Fracture management by family physicians and guidelines for referral.

Family physicians are now receiving more formal training in orthopedics, preparing them to deal with common orthopedic problems. Core curriculum objectives for orthopedics are being developed in family practice programs. Family physicians should have guidelines as to which fractures and dislocations they themselves can manage and which fractures should be managed by orthopedists.

Peptic ulcer disease in children: report of a case and a problem-oriented review.

The family physician who sees many children with vague abdominal pain must include peptic ulcer disease in the differential diagnosis. A case report is presented and the characteristics of primary and secondary ulcers in children are reviewed with respect to symptoms, signs, diagnosis, and treatment. Ulcers in children may be primary or secondary (stress) ulcers.

A family practice residency inpatient service: a review of 631 admissions.

This study reports a review of 631 admissions by family practice residents and staff over a 12-month period to an autonomous family practice service in a large US Army medical center. The diagnoses, number and types of consultations requested, types of patients cared for by residents in various levels of taining, and other pertinent data are reviewed. The study indicates that an inpatient family practice service can be very successful in terms of physician and patient satisfaction.