Young mothers' prenatal attachment and later attachment-related representations of their young children.

Although mother-to-infant attachment begins during pregnancy, few studies have explored correlates of prenatal attachment and associations with later measures of attachment representations. This study explored whether prenatal attachment is related to attachment representations during toddlerhood and whether associations between them reflect the broader quality of mothers' relationships. Young, ethnically/racially diverse, low-income American women (n = 160) were followed from pregnancy through 30 months postpartum.

Feasibility study of hyperspectral colposcopy as a novel tool for detecting precancerous cervical lesions.

Cervical cancer remains a major global health concern, with a specially alarming incidence in younger women. Traditional detection techniques such as the Pap smear and colposcopy often lack sensitivity and specificity and are highly dependent on the experience of the gynaecologist. In response, this study proposes the use of Hyperspectral Imaging, a pioneering technology that combines traditional imaging with spectroscopy to provide detailed spatial and spectral information.

Intragastric administration of short chain fatty acids greatly reduces voluntary ethanol intake in rats.

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) represents a public health crisis with few FDA-approved medications for its treatment. Growing evidence supports the key role of the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the central nervous system (CNS) during the initiation and progression of alcohol use disorder. Among the different protective molecules that could mediate this communication, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have emerged as attractive candidates, since these gut microbiota-derived molecules have multi-target effects that could normalize several of the functional and structural parameters altered by chronic alcohol abuse.

Mentoring for Admission and Retention of Black Socio-Ethnic Minorities in Medicine: A Scoping Review.

Purpose: Despite numerous mentoring strategies to promote academic success and eligibility in medicine, Black students remain disproportionately underrepresented in medicine. Therefore, we conducted a scoping review to identify the mentoring practices available to Black pre-medical students, medical students and medical residents, specifically the mentoring strategies used, their application, and their evaluation.

Method: Between May 2023 and October 2023, the authors conducted a literature review.

The interplay between climatic niche evolution, polyploidy and reproductive traits explains plant speciation in the Mediterranean Basin: a case study in (Gentianaceae).

Speciation and diversification patterns in angiosperms are frequently shaped by niche evolution. Hill is a Mediterranean genus with ca. 25 species, of which 60% are polyploids (tetra- and hexaploids), distributed mainly in the Mediterranean Basin and in areas with temperate and arid climates of Asia, Europe, North-Central Africa and North America.

Unfolding the dynamics of ecosystems undergoing alternating wet-dry transitional states.

A significant fraction of Earth's ecosystems undergoes periodic wet-dry alternating transitional states. These globally distributed water-driven transitional ecosystems, such as intermittent rivers and coastal shorelines, have traditionally been studied as two distinct entities, whereas they constitute a single, interconnected meta-ecosystem. This has resulted in a poor conceptual and empirical understanding of water-driven transitional ecosystems.

Celebrating 10 Years of the HIMSS-SIIM Enterprise Imaging Community and Enterprise Imaging Informatics.

In response to the growing recognition of enterprise imaging as a critical component of healthcare's digital transformation, in 2014, the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) and the Society for Imaging Informatics in Medicine (SIIM) signed a Memorandum of Understanding to form the HIMSS-SIIM Enterprise Imaging Community (HSEIC). At the time of the agreement, the two organizations decided to collaborate to lead enterprise imaging development, advancement, and adoption. This paper celebrates the past 10 years of the HSEIC's thought leadership, industry partnerships, and impact while also looking ahead to identify enterprise imaging challenges to solve in the next decade.

Bursts from the past: Intrinsic properties link a network model to zebra finch song.

Neuronal intrinsic excitability is a mechanism implicated in learning and memory that is distinct from synaptic plasticity. Prior work in songbirds established that intrinsic properties (IPs) of premotor basal-ganglia-projecting neurons (HVC ) relate to learned song. Here we find that temporal song structure is related to specific HVC IPs: HVC from birds who sang longer songs including longer invariant vocalizations (harmonic stacks) had IPs that reflected increased post-inhibitory rebound.

Detection of mpox virus in wastewater provides forewarning of clinical cases in Canadian cities.

Wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has shown to be an effective tool in monitoring the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and has helped guide public health actions. Consequently, WBS has expanded to now include the monitoring of mpox virus (MPXV) to contribute to its mitigation efforts. In this study, we demonstrate a unique sample processing and a molecular diagnostic strategy for MPXV detection that can inform on the epidemiological situation of mpox outbreaks through WBS.

Implementation of a rapid diagnostic assay package for cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis and tuberculosis in people living with HIV in Paraguay.

Background: Opportunistic infections (OIs) are common causes of mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We determined prevalence and 30-day mortality due to histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and TB in PLHIV with advanced HIV disease (AHD).

Methods: PLHIV 18 years and older, with a CD4 + T-cell count of less than 350 cells/mm3 newly diagnosed with HIV infection or re-engaged in care after being without ART for more than 90 days (Group A).

Racial discrimination is associated with food insecurity, stress, and worse physical health among college students.

Background: Students of color disproportionately experience racial discrimination and food insecurity, which both lead to poor academic and health outcomes. This study explores the extent to which the location of racial discrimination experienced is associated with food insecurity, stress, physical health and grade point average among college students METHODS: A cross sectional study design was implemented to survey 143 students from a racially diverse public university. Logistic regression models assessed if discrimination at various locations was associated with food insecurity and linear models assessed how racial discrimination was associated with physical health, stress and grade point average RESULTS: Student's experiencing food security had an average discrimination score of 2.

An evaluation of a public partnership project between academic institutions and young people with Black African, Asian and Caribbean heritage.

Background: This project (named Reinvent) aimed to promote Public Involvement (PI) in health research. Academics worked with a community group, the Eloquent Praise & Empowerment Dance Company, to develop a community partnership with young people from Black African, Asian and Caribbean heritage communities. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the Reinvent project for key learnings on how to engage and build partnerships with young people from Black African, Asian and Caribbean heritage communities.

A Novel Peptide Driving Neurodegeneration Appears Exclusively Linked to the α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor.

T14, a 14mer peptide, is significantly increased in the pre-symptomatic Alzheimer's disease brain, and growing evidence implies its pivotal role in neurodegeneration. Here, we explore the subsequent intracellular events following binding of T14 to its target α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Specifically, we test how various experimental manipulations of PC12 cells impact T14-induced functional outcomes.

Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of patients living with HIV and co-infected with tuberculosis and histoplasmosis: a 5-y retrospective case series.

Background: In Latin America, tuberculosis (TB) and histoplasmosis are two of the most frequent opportunistic infections affecting people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, there are limited data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with concurrent TB and histoplasmosis infections.

Methods: This was a retrospective observational study to describe the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of 21 patients living with HIV (PLHIV) who were diagnosed with concurrent histoplasmosis and TB between 2017 and 2021 in Guatemala City, Guatemala.

The Psychological Impact of the Widespread Availability of Palatable Foods Predicts Uncontrolled and Emotional Eating in Adults.

This study aimed to investigate the role of the psychological impact of environments rich in palatable foods on three aspects of eating behavior: cognitive restraint (CR), uncontrolled eating (UE), and emotional eating (EE). The hypotheses were as follows: (a) The psychological impact (i.e.

Calceolariaceae809: A bait set for targeted sequencing of nuclear loci.

Premise: The genus (Calceolariaceae) is emblematic of the Andes, is hypothesized to have originated as a recent, rapid radiation, and has important taxonomic needs. Additionally, the genus is a model for the study of specialized pollination systems, as its flowers are nectarless and many offer floral oils as a pollination reward collected by specialist bees. Despite their evolutionary and ecological significance, obtaining a resolved phylogeny for the group has proved difficult.

Negative feedback control of hunger circuits by the taste of food.

The rewarding taste of food is critical for motivating animals to eat, but whether taste has a parallel function in promoting meal termination is not well understood. Here we show that hunger-promoting AgRP neurons are rapidly inhibited during each bout of ingestion by a signal linked to the taste of food. Blocking these transient dips in activity via closed-loop optogenetic stimulation increases food intake by selectively delaying the onset of satiety.

Downed woody debris carbon emissions in a European temperate virgin forest as driven by species, decay classes, diameter and microclimate.

Downed woody debris (DWD) plays an important role as regulator of nutrient and carbon (C) cycling in forests, accounting for up to the 20 % of the total C stocks in primary forests. DWD persistence is highly influenced by microbial decomposition, which is determined by various environmental factors, including fluctuations in temperature and moisture, as well as in intrinsic DWD properties determined by species, diameter, or decay classes (DCs). The relative importance of these different drivers, as well as their interactions, remains largely unknown.

Exploring the impact of data curation criteria on the observed geographical distribution of mosses.

Biodiversity data records contain inaccuracies and biases. To overcome this limitation and establish robust geographic patterns, ecologists often curate records keeping those that are most suitable for their analyses. Yet, this choice is not straightforward and the outcome of the analysis may vary due to a trade-off between data quality and volume.

A Protocol to Retrieve and Curate Spatial and Climatic Data from Online Biodiversity Databases Using R.

Ecological and evolutionary studies often require high quality biodiversity data. This information is readily available through the many online databases that have compiled biodiversity data from herbaria, museums, and human observations. However, the process of preparing this information for analysis is complex and time consuming.

Technical and Clinical Differences Between Transgender and Cisgender Females Undergoing Breast Augmentation.

Background: Gender-affirming surgery is a quickly expanding field. However, it is facing a shortage of specialized surgeons for a population exceeding 1.4 million individuals.