Psychometric Measurements of the Adherence to Refills and Medication Scales Among Patients With HIV/AIDS in Indonesia.

Objective: This study aimed to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) among patients with HIV/AIDS in Indonesia.

Methods: Psychometric analysis was conducted at 2 hospitals and 7 public health centers at the voluntary counseling and testing clinic. Content validity was measured by assessing the relevance and clarity of each ARMS item.

Protective cardiovascular benefits of exercise training as measured by circulating endothelial cells and high-density lipoprotein in adults.

Objective: This study aims to determine the protective cardiovascular effect of aerobic exercise training by measuring cluster of differentiation 146 (CD146), circulating endothelial cell (CEC), and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in adults.

Methods: This study was an experimental pre-post-test without a control group. Forty-five participants were divided into three groups based on aerobic exercise training intensity: low, moderate, and high.

Decreasing angiogenesis vasa vasorum through Lp-PLA2 and H2O2 inhibition by PSP from Ganoderma lucidum in atherosclerosis: in vivo diabetes mellitus type 2.

Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major risk factor of atherosclerosis. Hyperglycemia in T2DM causes advanced formation of glycation end products (AGE) which leads to oxidative stress and chronic inflammation. Oxidative stress occurs due to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2.