Emergency contraception in a country with restricted access to contraceptives and termination of pregnancy, a prospective follow-up study.

Objective: Poland has a restrictive abortion law. Emergency contraception (EC) is expensive and available only on prescription, which is not easily obtainable in public health care. We aimed to identify the main reasons for EC requests, observed failure rates and the type and incidence of adverse effects.

[Combined oral contraception and the risk of reproductive organs cancer in women].

COCs (combined oral contraceptives) remain the most widely used effective and reversible means of family planning. Their beneficial effects are well documented, but many questions are still raised concerning a possible association between the use of COCs and the development of cancer. The authors provide a broad and up-to-date review of the literature regarding the relation between COC use and carcinogenesis in reproductive organs.

Risk of cancer development in relation to oral contraception.

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are among the most widely used effective and reversible means of family planning. Their beneficial effects are well documented, but many questions are still raised concerning a possible association between the use of COCs and the development of cancer. The authors provide a broad and up-to-date review of the literature regarding the relation between COC use and carcinogenesis in different organs.

[The diagnosis of hyperprolactinemia in clinical practice].

Prolactin is a pituitary hormone that plays pivotal role in a variety of reproductive functions. Hyperprolactinemia is a common condition that can result from a number of causes; including use of medications and hypothyroidism, as well as pituitary disorders. Depending on the cause and consequences of hyperprolactinemia, selected patients require specific treatment.

[Identification of risk factors of obesity in premenopausal women].

Unlabelled: Obesity is a chronic disease conditioned by genetic, endocrine and environmental factors. The aim of study was to determine the risk factors affecting the body mass in women.

Material And Methods: The questionnaire investigations involved 363 female volunteers aged 18-49.

[The effectiveness and acceptability of oral contraceptives (Logest), containing 20 micrograms ethinylestradiol and 75 micrograms gestodene].

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of the use of oral contraceptives Logest, containing 20 micrograms ethinylestradiol and 75 micrograms gestodene (in one tablet).

Design: Observational study (during the period of six months) on the healthy women visiting gynecological clinics and asking for establishment of contraception with the use of oral contraceptives.

Materials And Methods: The observation was carried out on 800 patients who were included (with use including/excluding criteria) to the study.

Non-effective partner notification system: a missed opportunity for the reduction of sexually transmitted infections in sub-Saharan Africa.

Unlabelled: It is well know that common sexually transmitted infections (STI) promote HIV/AIDS infections in the community. Partner notification is one of the recommended strategies used for STI control. Antenatal syphilis screening, treatment of syphilis-positive pregnant women and their partner (partners) treatment may decrease the number of new syphilis cases, cases of congenital syphilis and diminish maternal morbidity and mortality.

[Evaluation of patients' satisfaction in relation to private or public health care providers].

The aim of the study was to evaluate of patients satisfaction in relation to private or public health care provider in the Warsaw's (capital of Poland) region. The authors have used original (partially psychometric test) tool named "Skala AB". 590 adult patients were randomly chosen from 20 private and public owned clinics and hospitals.

[Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injectable contraception--safe, effective but neglected method of family planning in Poland].

As it is known from demographical prognosis for Poland, in the nearest years significant increase of the number of women in the childbearing age is expected (reflecting high, postwar, demographical wave). In spite of that, the prognosis of the number of live births is low, and does not exceed 450 thousands. The reason for this phenomenon is the change of life style among young people.

Effects of low-dose OCs on weight in women with Central European nutritional habits and lifestyle.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the acceptance and tolerance of combined low-dose oral contraceptives (OCs) (containing 20 micro g ethinylestradiol and 75 micro g gestodene) in a cohort of Polish women, and to present a relationship between the use of combined OCs and changes in body weight. Changes in body weight with combined low-dose OC have not been demonstrated in placebo-controlled trials, nor were such trials performed in a population whose nutritional/dietary habits and lifestyle resemble that of the population of Poland. We performed the clinical study on a group of 800 patients living in several regions of Poland.

Survey on maternal mortality in Swaziland using the sisterhood method.

Monitoring and evaluating maternal mortality in African countries is impossible without specific and reliable data and indicators. This study of maternal mortality using the 'Sisterhood Method' was undertaken in Swaziland. The crude data on 'sisterhood mortality' were obtained from the 1993-94 Multi-Purpose Household Survey carried out by the Central Statistics Office and Ministry of Health of Swaziland.