"What if this is my chance to save my life?" A semistructured interview study on the motives and experiences of end-stage renal disease patients who engaged in public solicitation of a living kidney donor.

The increase in patients using public solicitation (PS) to find a living kidney donor has generated a debate about the ethical complexities of PS. To investigate why patients engaged in PS and what they experienced during PS, we conducted semistructured interviews with 20 Dutch patients with end-stage renal disease who had publicly solicited a living donor. Transcripts were thematically analyzed.

Doing the Right Thing: A Qualitative Investigation of Retractions Due to Unintentional Error.

Retractions solicited by authors following the discovery of an unintentional error-what we henceforth call a "self-retraction"-are a new phenomenon of growing importance, about which very little is known. Here we present results of a small qualitative study aimed at gaining preliminary insights about circumstances, motivations and beliefs that accompanied the experience of a self-retraction. We identified retraction notes that unambiguously reported an honest error and that had been published between the years 2010 and 2015.

Nudge me, help my baby: on other-regarding nudges.

There is an increasing interest in the possibility of using nudges to promote people's health. Following the advances in developmental biology and epigenetics, it is clear that one's health is not always the result of one's own choices. In the period surrounding pregnancy, maternal choice behaviour has a significant influence on perinatal morbidity and mortality as well as the development of chronic diseases later in life.

Barriers in the Uptake and Delivery of Preconception Care: Exploring the Views of Care Providers.

Objectives To examine health care professionals' views of their role and responsibilities in providing preconception care and identify barriers that affect the delivery and uptake of preconception care. Methods Twenty health care professionals who provide preconception care on a regular basis were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Results We interviewed twelve community midwives, three General Practitioners, three obstetricians, one cardiologist specialized in congenital heart diseases and one gastroenterologist.

Seriously ill patients as living unspecified kidney donors: rationale and justification.

Background: Between 2000 and December 2013, 106 live donor nephrectomies from anonymous living-donors were performed at the Erasmus MC Rotterdam; five of the donors (5.4%) had a life-threatening disease. The aim of the present report is to give the rational and justification for this procedure.

Liver, pancreas and small bowel transplantation: current ethical issues.

We describe the medical state of the art in liver, pancreas and small bowel transplantation, and portray the ethical issues. Although most ethical questions related to these transplantations are not specific for liver, pancreas and small bowel, they do challenge ethical analysis as well as new policies and clinical procedures. Firstly, outcomes continue to be of utmost concern, as information is only limited available, is developing over time and is surrounded by many uncertainties.

The short-term psychological impact of complications after breast reconstruction.

Objectives: Few studies have focused on the psychological impact of postoperative complications after breast reconstruction (BR). As postoperative complications after BR usually lead to a prolonged recovery time and sometimes require additional surgery, the short-term impact on distress was investigated.

Methods: Pre- and postoperatively, psychological questionnaires were sent to 152 women who underwent either implant BR or deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap BR (DIEPBR).

Can we turn down autonomous wishes to donate anonymously?

Imagine a Samaritan living kidney donor, who some time ago has anonymously donated one of his kidneys to a patient on top of the waiting list. He now contacts the transplantation centre once again, to donate part of his liver. The Centre, startled by this idea, refers him to the regular screening procedure for all Samaritan donations.

Moral issues in workplace health promotion.

Purpose: There is debate to what extent employers are entitled to interfere with the lifestyle and health of their workers. In this context, little information is available on the opinion of employees. Within the framework of a workplace health promotion (WHP) program, moral considerations among workers were investigated.

Justification for a home-based education programme for kidney patients and their social network prior to initiation of renal replacement therapy.

In this article, an ethical analysis of an educational programme on renal replacement therapy options for patients and their social network is presented. The two main spearheads of this approach are: (1) offering an educational programme on all renal replacement therapy options ahead of treatment requirement and (2) a home-based approach involving the family and friends of the patient. Arguments are offered for the ethical justification of this approach by considering the viewpoint of the various stakeholders involved.

Information-seeking behaviour and coping style of women opting for either implant or DIEP-flap breast reconstruction.

Background: High satisfaction rates have been reported after autologous breast reconstruction. Yet, most mastectomy patients receive implant reconstructions (ImBR). Independent and active decision makers have shown mainly to choose for autologous reconstructions, such as the Deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap (DiepBR).

Women's motives to opt for either implant or DIEP-flap breast reconstruction.

Objective: Understanding women's motives concerning breast reconstructive surgery will contribute to a better counselling and care for the increasing number of women choosing post-mastectomy breast reconstruction (BR).

Methods: We interviewed 31 women who opted for implant or deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP)-flap BR after therapeutic or prophylactic mastectomy. Motives for BR in general and for the selected type of BR were investigated following a phenomenological qualitative research approach.

The doctor and the market: about the influence of market reforms on the professional medical ethics of surgeons and general practitioners in the Netherlands.

To explore whether market reforms in a health care system affect medical professional ethics of hospital-based specialists on the one hand and physicians in independent practices on the other. Qualitative interviews with 27 surgeons and 28 general practitioners in The Netherlands, held 2-3 years after a major overhaul of the Dutch health care system involving several market reforms. Surgeons now regularly advertise their work (while this was forbidden in the past) and pay more attention to patients with relatively minor afflictions, thus deviating from codes of ethics that oblige physicians to treat each other as brothers and to treat patients according to medical need.

Strategies to advance living kidney donation: a single center's experience.

In Europe, living kidney donation rates differ considerably from country to country. These differences are related to deceased kidney donation rates: countries with higher deceased donation rates have lower living donation rates. Despite the differences, all countries have one thing in common, namely, the shortage of kidneys for transplantation.

Avoiding the issue: patients' (non)communication with potential living kidney donors.

Objective: Kidney transplantation with a living donor has proved to be an effective solution for kidney patients on the waiting list for transplantation. Nevertheless, it may be difficult to find a living kidney donor. The purpose of this explorative study is to investigate how kidney transplant candidates may, or may not, find a living donor in the Netherlands.

Public survey of financial incentives for kidney donation.

Background: One of the most fiercely debated strategies to increase the number of kidneys for transplantation is the introduction of financial incentives. As the success of such strategy largely depends on public support, we performed a public survey on this topic.

Methods: We developed a questionnaire on financial incentives for living kidney donation.

Psychological barriers for living kidney donation: how to inform the potential donors?

Background: This is the first large-scale interview study carried out in patients and potential donors who seem unwilling or unable to pursue living kidney donation. By investigating these groups, we explored whether further expansion of the living kidney donation program is feasible.

Methods: We interviewed 91 patients on the waiting list for a kidney transplant who did not pursue living kidney donation and their potential donors (n=53).

The implementation of a kidney exchange program does not induce a need for additional psychosocial support.

The Dutch kidney exchange donation program started in January 2004. A literature review has shown that several factors of the exchange program could influence the psychological well being of participants, such as the loss of the possibility of a 'medical excuse' for unwilling donors and the issue of anonymity. However, these factors have not been the subject of empirical study yet.

One donor, two transplants: willingness to participate in altruistically unbalanced exchange donation.

Kidney exchange donation programs offer a good solution to help patients with a willing, but incompatible living kidney donor. Literature shows that blood type O patients are less likely to be selected for transplantation within a living exchange donation program. 'Altruistically unbalanced donation' could help these blood type O patients: one donor-recipient pair is incompatible (e.

Should health care professionals encourage living kidney donation?

Living kidney donation provides a promising opportunity in situations where the scarcity of cadaveric kidneys is widely acknowledged. While many patients and their relatives are willing to accept its benefits, others are concerned about living kidney programs; they appear to feel pressured into accepting living kidney transplantations as the only proper option for them. As we studied the attitudes and views of patients and their relatives, we considered just how actively health care professionals should encourage living donation.

Directed altruistic living organ donation: partial but not unfair.

Arguments against directed altruistic living organ donations are too weak to justify a ban. Potential donors who want to specify the non-related person or group of persons to receive their donated kidney should be accepted. The arguments against, based on considerations of motivation, fairness and (non-)anonymity (e.

Altruistic living kidney donation challenges psychosocial research and policy: a response to previous articles.

Background: Policies with respect to altruistic living kidney donation to strangers (both nondirected and directed donation) should, in addition to medical criteria, preferably be based on valid attitude research data. However, deciding on what data are relevant is a normative issue. The challenge for both research and policy making is to bring together empirical and normative issues.

Postmortal or living related donor: preferences of kidney patients.

We studied the willingness and motives for accepting a living kidney donation in 61 kidney patients on the waiting list by a semistructured interview and a questionnaire on two occasions. Between both moments of measurement patients received general information on transplantation options. We tested whether demographic data, medical status data or quality of life correlated with treatment choice.

'Prosthetic fit': on personal identity and the value of bodily difference.

It is within the context of a person's life story, we argue, that the idea of wearing a prosthesis assumes place and meaning. To develop this argument, a brightly colored hook prosthesis for children is taken as a starting point for reflection. The prosthesis can be seen as fitting this person perfectly, when the bodily difference is understood as positively adding to this person's identity.