Comparative analysis of biometry and anterior chamber metrics in the eyes of extreme hyperopic and emmetropic children.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical and biometric features of pediatric eyes with extreme hyperopia and report baseline biometric values.

Methods: In this prospective case-control study, the biometric parameters of eyes in children with extreme hyperopia were compared to those of an emmetropic cohort of similar age. Comprehensive eye examinations were conducted for new patients.

Bilateral cataract surgery in children: immediate sequential versus delayed sequential surgery.

Purpose: To compare ocular and anesthesia-related complications in a cohort of patients having undergone either delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS) or immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS).

Methods: The medical records of children who underwent bilateral cataract surgery at our institution between 2012 and 2021were reviewed retrospectively. Included patients were 0-24 months of age, aphakic, and followed for at least 1 year after surgery.

Refractive predictive errors using Barrett II, Hoffer-Q, and SRKT formulae for pediatric IOL implantation.

Purpose: To compare the accuracy of the Barrett II universal (BU II) formula, Hoffer-Q, and SRKT formulae following lensectomy and IOL implantation in a large pediatric cohort.

Methods: Retrospective study of children who underwent lensectomy and IOL implantation between 2015 and 2023 at Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

Results: One hundred and fifty-one eyes of 104 children aged 6.

Enhanced S-Cone Syndrome Masquerading as TORCH in an Infant and a Toddler.

Purpose: To report two cases masquerading as TORCH but eventually diagnosed with Enhanced S-cone Syndrome (ESCS).

Methods: Descriptive case report.

Results: : A ten-month-old boy presented with high hypermetropia, strabismus and bilateral chorioretinal pigmented scars with a history of cat scratch of his mother during pregnancy.

Variable phenotype of Knobloch syndrome due to biallelic mutations in children.

Purpose: Knobloch syndrome is a rare, recessively inherited disorder classically characterized by high myopia, retinal detachment, and occipital encephalocele. Our aim is to report the clinical and genetic findings of four Israeli children affected by Knobloch syndrome.

Methods: Retrospective study of four patients diagnosed with Knobloch syndrome, who underwent full ophthalmic examination, electroretinography, and neuroradiologic imaging.

Ophthalmology practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To present an established practice protocol for safe and effective hospital-setting ophthalmic practice during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods And Analysis: Literature was reviewed to identify articles relevant to COVID-19 pandemic and ophthalmology. The following keywords were used: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 and telemedicine, combined with eye, ophthalmology, conjunctivitis and tears.

An Ashkenazi Jewish founder mutation in causes retinal phenotype in both hemizygous males and heterozygous female carriers.

: Mutations in have been mainly associated with X-linked incomplete congenital stationary night blindness (icCSNB). Variable phenotypic expression in females was reported in some families. We report here three non-related Ashkenazi Jewish families originating in Eastern Europe, that included males and a many affected females, initially diagnosed with variable retinal phenotypes.

Pediatric Acquired and Progressive Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Myelination Following Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Few anecdotal reports have documented new onset and progression of myelination of the retinal nerve fiber layer. The authors report the unusual onset and progression of acquired myelination of the retinal nerve fiber layer in two children, following the diagnosis of presumed idiopathic intracranial hypertension. The nosologic relationship between myelination of the retinal nerve fiber layer and idiopathic intracranial hypertension is unclear and requires elucidation by further studies.

Homozygous stop-gain variant in LRRC32, encoding a TGFβ receptor, associated with cleft palate, proliferative retinopathy, and developmental delay.

The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signaling pathway is essential for palatogenesis and retinal development. Glycoprotein A repetitions predominant (GARP), encoded by LRRC32, is a TGFβ cell surface receptor that has been studied primarily in the context of cellular immunity. We identified a homozygous stop-gain variant in LRRC32 (c.

Strabismus developing after unilateral and bilateral cataract surgery in children.

PurposeTo evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of strabismus in children undergoing surgery for unilateral or bilateral cataract with or without intraocular lens implantation.MethodsMedical records of pediatric patients were evaluated from 2000 to 2011. Children undergoing surgery for unilateral or bilateral cataract with at least 1 year of follow-up were included.

Nitric oxide secretion in human conjunctival fibroblasts is inhibited by alpha linolenic acid.

Purpose: It is known that both human conjunctival fibroblasts (HCF) and corneal epithelial (HCE) cells contribute to the inflammatory process in the ocular surface by releasing inflammatory cytokines. In addition, nitric oxide (NO) has an important role in inflammatory responses in the ocular surface. In the present study, we aimed to characterize the capacity of these cells to release nitric oxide in response to cytokines and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and show that Alpha-linoleic acid (ALA) inhibits these responses.

Ophthalmologic Findings in H Syndrome: A Unique Diagnostic Clue.

Background: H syndrome is an autosomal recessive histiocytosis with multisystemic involvement caused by mutations in the SLC29A3 gene. The term H syndrome was coined to denote the major clinical findings which include hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, hearing loss, hepatosplenomegaly, hypogonadism, hyperglycemia/diabetes mellitus and hallux valgus/flexion contractures. Almost 100 individuals affected with this disorder have been reported, however, a thorough evaluation of the ophthalmologic features of H syndrome has not yet been performed.

Expression and activation of toll-like receptor 3 and toll-like receptor 4 on human corneal epithelial and conjunctival fibroblasts.

Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are recognized as important contributors to the initiation and modulation of the inflammatory response in the eye. This study investigated the precise expression patterns and functionality of TLRs in human corneal epithelial cells (HCE) and in conjunctival fibroblasts (HCF).

Methods: The cell surface expression of TLRs 2-4, TLR7 and TLR9 in HCE and HCF was examined by flow cytometry with or without stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C).

Congenital cytomegalovirus infection and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome successfully treated with unrelated cord blood transplantation.

We report a successful umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) in an 8-month male with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) and congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. The child presented at 3 months of age with symptomatic thrombocytopenia and CMV infection. Despite appropriate antiviral treatment no rise in the platelet count was observed.

Identification of three novel plasminogen (PLG) gene mutations in a series of 23 patients with low PLG activity.

Inherited severe hypoplasminogenaemia is a multisystemic disorder leading to deficient extravascular fibrinolysis. As a clinical consequence wound healing capacity of mucous membranes is markedly impaired leading to ligneous conjunctivitis and several other manifestations. Here we report the molecular genetic and clinical findings on 23 new cases with severe hypoplasminogenaemia.

Strabismus surgery outcome among children and young adults with Down syndrome.

Purpose: To evaluate postoperative alignment after strabismus surgery in children with Down syndrome.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 15 consecutive cases of children with Down syndrome who underwent surgery for strabismus between 1990 and 2008. Follow-up was at least 6 months (range, 0.

[Association between iris color and ciliary body pigmentation: possible implications for cyclophotoablation treatment].

Background: Cyclophotoablation for glaucoma treatment is dependent on the amount of laser energy absorbed by the ciliary body and related to the degree of its pigmentation. Iris color may be assessed by observing the eye, but it is unknown whether it correlates with ciliary body pigmentation.

Aim: We evaluated whether ciliary pigmentation correlates with iris color.

Iontophoretic treatment of experimental pseudomonas keratitis in rabbit eyes using gentamicin-loaded hydrogels.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of iontophoresis using a hydrogel probe containing gentamicin for the treatment of Pseudomonas keratitis in the rabbit cornea.

Methods: Five groups (Groups 1-5) of 8 rabbits each were infected by injecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa into their corneas. Three dosings of corneal iontophoresis were performed, at intervals of 3.

Astigmatism after mersilene and nylon suture use for penetrating keratoplasty.

Purpose: To evaluate postoperative astigmatism after the use of Mersilene and nylon sutures for penetrating keratoplasty.

Methods: Two groups of 12 patients each (age, 20-50 years) suffering from keratoconus underwent penetrating keratoplasty. Continuous suturing combined with 12 interrupted sutures was used in each case: Mersilene 11-0 sutures were used in group 1, whereas nylon 10-0 sutures were used in group 2.

Expression and activation of STAT3 in ischemia-induced retinopathy.

Purpose: Signal transducer and activator of transcription protein-3 (STAT3) is a transcription factor that participates in many biological processes, including tumor angiogenesis. The expression and activation of Stat3 in the mouse model of ischemia-induced retinal neovascularization was investigated to evaluate the possible role of STAT3 in retinal vascular disease.

Methods: Retinal neovascularization was induced in mice pups by exposure to hyperoxia.

Forty years of changing indications in penetrating keratoplasty in Israel.

Purpose: To examine the leading indications for keratoplasty and identify the changing trends in the past 40 years in Israel.

Methods: Pathology reports of all penetrating keratoplasties (PKPs) performed at Hadassah-Hebrew University Hospital from 1961 to 2000 were reviewed. We evaluated the indications for keratoplasty in each decade between the years 1961 and 2000.

Iontophoresis-gentamicin delivery into the rabbit cornea, using a hydrogel delivery probe.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of penetration of gentamicin into the cornea of rabbits using iontophoresis with a hydrogel-gentamicin containing probe.

Methods: Eight of 10 groups (groups 3-10) of 6 rabbits (one eye per rabbit), underwent corneal iontophoresis using soft stable hydroxyethyl methacrylate hydrogel discs (80% water content) loaded with gentamicin sulphate which were mounted on an iontophoresis probe. The studied current intensities were 0, 0.

Retinopathy of prematurity: molecular pathology and therapeutic strategies.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is an ischemia-induced proliferative retinopathy, which affects premature infants with low birth weight. It is a leading cause of visual impairment and blindness in children, and shares pathophysiological characteristics with other common ocular diseases such as diabetic retinopathy, central vein occlusion, and age-related macular degeneration. Pathologically similar inherited diseases such as Norrie disease suggest a possible genetic component in the susceptibility to ROP.