Cell-Membrane Coated Nanoparticles for Tumor Delineation and Qualitative Estimation of Cancer Biomarkers at Single Wavelength Excitation in Murine and Phantom Models.

Real-time guidance through fluorescence imaging improves the surgical outcomes of tumor resections, reducing the chances of leaving positive margins behind. As tumors are heterogeneous, it is imperative to interrogate multiple overexpressed cancer biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity to improve surgical outcomes. However, for accurate tumor delineation and ratiometric detection of tumor biomarkers, current methods require multiple excitation wavelengths to image multiple biomarkers, which is impractical in a clinical setting.