Histologic wound healing in studies using different ridge preservation protocols: A review.

Background: Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) procedures are designed to lessen dimensional changes in the alveolar ridge after tooth extraction. Wound healing after ridge preservation involves the formation of new vital bone in the former socket, and this vital bone is important in the osseointegration of dental implants.

Methods: A series of ARP studies have been performed to help clinicians better understand the wound-healing events that occur following tooth extraction and ridge preservation.

Subgingival scaling and root planing during minimally invasive periodontal surgery: A randomized controlled split-mouth trial.

Background: The purpose of this randomized, controlled split-mouth study was to evaluate a videoscope as a visual adjunct to scaling and root planing when utilized in combination with minimally invasive surgery.

Methods: Twenty-five pairs (89 interproximal surfaces) of periodontally hopeless teeth planned for extraction were scaled and root planed with minimal surgical access using surgical loupes (control) or adjunctive use of a videoscope (test). Teeth were extracted with minimal trauma, stained with methylene blue, and photographed with a digital microscope for analysis.

A randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of epithelial removal on free soft tissue autograft healing.

Background: The purpose of this study is to determine if there is a difference in dimensional change of a free soft tissue autograft (FSTA) with epithelium compared to without epithelium. The secondary aim is to determine the patient and professional evaluation of color match and graft texture between the two groups.

Methods: Patients with ≤2 mm keratinized tissue indicated for a FSTA were randomly assigned to control group (FSTA with epithelium) or test group (de-epithelialized FSTA).

The relationship between glycated hemoglobin level and the stage of periodontitis in individuals without diabetes.

Glycemic control appears to have a significant impact on the relationship between periodontitis and diabetes. The current study aimed to investigate the association between the stage of periodontitis and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels in patients considered to be normoglycemic. A total of 135 patients (100 females and 35 males) with no history of diabetes were included in the study.

Wound healing after ridge preservation: A randomized controlled trial on short-term (4 months) versus long-term (12 months) histologic outcomes.

Background: The amount of time it takes for bone allograft particles to be replaced with new vital bone during ridge preservation is unclear. The purpose of this article was to compare the wound healing and vital bone formation following ridge preservation using a combination allograft of 70% mineralized and 30% demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft at 4 months (short-term, ST) versus 12 months (long-term, LT).

Methods: Fifty-seven patients were enrolled in the study who required extraction of a single tooth (excluding second and third molars) and were planned for replacement with a dental implant.

American Academy of Periodontology best evidence consensus statement on the use of biologics in clinical practice.

A biologic is a therapeutic agent with biological activity that is administered to achieve an enhanced regenerative or reparative effect. The use of biologics has progressively become a core component of contemporary periodontal practice. However, some questions remain about their safety, indications, and effectiveness in specific clinical scenarios.

Comparing the histological assessment following ridge preservation using a composite bovine-derived xenograft versus an alloplast hydroxyapatite-sugar cross-linked collagen matrix.

Background: This randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the histological wound healing and alveolar ridge dimensional changes following ridge preservation using two different xenograft/collagen matrices.

Methods: Fifty-four patients each with non-molar teeth that required extraction and replacement with dental implants were enrolled. Teeth extractions were completed with minimal flap reflection and were randomized to receive ridge preservation with either 90% bovine-derived xenograft granules in a 10% porcine collagen matrix (Group A) or a sponge-like matrix of 80% microparticulate hydroxyapatite alloplast graft with 20% sugar cross-linked porcine type 1 collagen (Group B).

Long-term preservation of ridge dimension following tooth extraction and ridge preservation: A randomized controlled trial of healing at 4- and 12-month healing time points.

Background: To date, the efficacy of ridge preservation in the maintenance of the residual alveolar ridge dimension beyond 6 months after treatment is unknown. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in alveolar ridge dimensional change following ridge preservation between 4- and 12-month healing time points using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods: Fifty seven patients planned for tooth extraction and implant placement were enrolled.

Evaluation of healing at molar extraction sites with ridge preservation using a non-resorbable dense polytetrafluoroethylene membrane: A four-arm cohort prospective study.

Objectives: To examine ridge dimensional changes and histologic parameters of healing when ridge preservation (RP) was performed at molar sites using dense polytetrafluoroethylene (dPTFE) membrane alone, without a bone graft.

Material And Methods: Eighteen patients had molar extraction and RP using dPTFE membrane alone. Ridge dimensions were measured using two standardized cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT) scans taken within 72 h and 3 months following extraction.

Effect of intravenous dexamethasone on postoperative pain and swelling following periodontal flap surgery: A randomized controlled trial of patient-centered outcomes.

Background: This randomized, crossover trial sought to determine if a preoperative intravenous (IV) dose of dexamethasone reduces pain, swelling, and analgesic usage following periodontal surgery.

Methods: Thirty-seven patients planned for two similar periodontal flap surgeries under IV sedation were enrolled. Patients were randomized to receive either 2 mL (8 mg) dexamethasone sodium phosphate or 2 mL of IV solution (placebo) before the first surgery, and 2 mL of the other solution before the second surgery.

Impact of different surgical protocols on dimensional changes of free soft tissue autografts: A randomized controlled trial.

Background: To determine if there is a difference in the amount of shrinkage during healing of free soft tissue autografts (FSTAs) using different surgical techniques-suturing the vestibular flap margin apically to the base of the recipient bed versus leaving the flap margin free and unsutured.

Methods: Twenty-eight patients with mucogingival defects requiring FSTAs were recruited and enrolled in the study. Patients were randomized into test and control groups (14 per group) and received ≥1 FSTAs on non-molar mandibular teeth.

A randomized controlled trial on the impact of healing time on wound healing following ridge preservation using a 70%/30% combination of mineralized and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft.

Background: To compare the histologic difference in healing between ridge preservation sites treated with a combination allograft of 70% mineralized and 30% demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) evaluated at 8 to 10 weeks versus 18 to 20 weeks post-extraction. Changes in morphological ridge dimensions were also evaluated.

Methods: Forty-four patients with a single-rooted tooth to be extracted and replaced by a dental implant were recruited for this study.

Histologic Evaluation of rhBMP-2 in an Extraction Site Model in the Esthetic Zone: A Series of 16 Cases Preparing for Implant Placement.

Growth factors have been used in numerous oral applications to aid in bone formation after tooth extraction. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-b superfamily and are involved in the differentiation of pluripotent mesenchymal cells, leading to new bone formation through osteoblastic induction. This study examined histologic wound healing following extraction and ridge preservation using recombinant human BMP-2 (rhBMP-2) and a collagen sponge.

Management of Thick and Thin Periodontal Phenotypes for Immediate Dental Implants in the Esthetic Zone: A Controlled Clinical Trial.

The goal of the study was to compare the outcome of immediate single-implant placement in esthetic sites of patients with thick or thin tissue phenotypes. Forty-one patients underwent implant surgery with guided bone regeneration including peri-implant gap and overcontour grafting. A connective tissue graft was added only for patients with a thin tissue phenotype.

Healing at Molar Extraction Sites Using Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft and Collagen Wound Dressing: Case Series and Three-Arm Analyses.

Purpose: Ridge preservation limits dimensional changes after tooth extraction. However, it is still unclear if using a membrane may be advantageous over a collagen wound dressing. Therefore, the goal of this report was to evaluate the outcomes of ridge preservation using freeze-dried bone allograft with a collagen wound dressing.

Post-surgical flap placement following osseous surgery: A short-term clinical evaluation.

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between immediate post-surgical flap position and subsequent probing depth measurements following osseous surgery.

Methods: Twenty-four patients treatment planned for osseous surgery after completion of initial therapy and re-evaluation were enrolled. Pressure molded stents were fabricated to serve as a reference for probing depth and relative attachment level measurements prior to surgery.

Ridge preservation following tooth extraction using bovine xenograft compared with porcine xenograft: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: The primary purpose of this study was to histologically determine if there is a significant difference in new bone formation, residual graft material, and connective tissue/other when ridge preservation is accomplished using a bovine versus a porcine xenograft.

Methods: Forty-four patients needing a single rooted tooth extraction and ridge preservation in preparation for dental implant placement were recruited in the study. After minimally traumatic tooth extraction, alveolar ridge dimensions were measured using a custom-fabricated acrylic stent.

Evaluation of healing at molar extraction sites with and without ridge preservation: A three-arm histologic analysis.

Background: Little evidence is available regarding the benefit of ridge preservation (RP) at molar sites. The primary objective of this three-arm cohort study was to histologically compare the healing outcome between natural healing after molar tooth extraction and two different techniques of RP using freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) and a nonresorbable dense polytetrafluoroethylene (dPTFE) membrane, or an absorbable collagen sponge as a barrier.

Methods: Seventy-nine patients requiring extraction and delayed implant placement were placed into three groups: extraction alone (control); ridge preserved using FDBA; and either dPTFE (Test1) or collagen sponge (Test2).

Impact of Er:YAG laser on wound healing following nonsurgical therapy: A pilot study.

The purpose is to examine early wound healing through histological analysis by characterizing connective tissue distribution and organization in the treated periodontium following nonsurgical therapy. Periodontal disease is a multifactorial pathological process that leads to the loss of the surrounding periodontium. Traditional periodontal therapies have proven beneficial in halting the progression of disease.

Esthetic, clinical, and radiographic outcomes of two surgical approaches for single implant in the esthetic area: 1-year results of a randomized controlled trial with parallel design.

Aim: The objectives of this study were to compare (a) esthetic, (b) clinical, (c) radiographic, and (d) patient-centered outcomes following immediate (Type 1) and early implant placement (Type 2).

Material And Methods: Forty-six subjects needing a single extraction (premolar to premolar) were randomly allocated to Type 1 or Type 2 implant placement. One year following permanent restoration, evaluation of (a) Esthetics using soft tissue positions, and the pink and white esthetic scores (PES/WES), (b) Clinical performance using probing depth, modified plaque index, and sulcus bleeding index (c) Radiographic bone level, and (d) Patient satisfaction by means of visual analogue scales (VAS) was recorded.

Evaluation of artifacts generated by titanium, zirconium, and titanium-zirconium alloy dental implants on MRI, CT, and CBCT images: A phantom study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess artifacts generated by zirconium, titanium, and titanium-zirconium alloy implants on magnetic resonance imaging(MRI), computed tomography(CT), and cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) and to correlate the findings to the dose-area product and exposure factors on CT and CBCT.

Study Design: Three phantoms were built by embedding zirconium, titanium, and titanium-zirconium implants in ultrasound gel. MRI, CT, and CBCT images were acquired by using multiple sequences and settings.

Ridge preservation following tooth extraction using mineralized freeze-dried bone allograft compared to mineralized solvent-dehydrated bone allograft: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Freeze dried bone allograft (FDBA) and solvent dehydrated bone allograft (SDBA) are both commonly used in alveolar ridge preservation. Previous studies have suggested SDBA may have advantages over FDBA due to a unique processing method. The primary objective of this study was to histologically compare the healing outcome between FDBA and SDBA when used for ridge preservation.