Pharmacogenomics Education Improves Pharmacy Student Perceptions of Their Abilities and Roles in Its Use.

To assess whether a required first-year course, Principles in Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, and integration into subsequent courses affected pharmacy students' perceptions of pharmacogenomics. A survey was distributed to Professional Year (PY) 1 students during the first and last weeks of the course from 2014 to 2016. A follow-up survey was distributed to PY2, PY3, and PY4 students.

Transformed cell-specific induction of apoptosis by porcine circovirus type 1 viral protein 3.

Several members of the family Circoviridae have been shown to encode proteins with apoptotic activity. For example, both porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and chicken anemia virus (CAV) encode a third viral protein (VP3) that has been shown to be cytotoxic. Interestingly, in the case of the CAV protein (designated apoptin), apoptosis is specific to transformed cell types.