Simulation Experiences in Canadian Physiotherapy Programmes: A Description of Current Practices.

Although health care professional education programmes around the world are increasingly using sophisticated simulation technology, the scope of simulation use in Canadian physiotherapy programmes is currently undefined. The current study explores the definitions of simulation, its current use, and the perceived benefits and barriers in Canadian entry-to-practice physiotherapy programmes. Using a qualitative, descriptive study approach, we contacted Canadian physiotherapy programmes to identify faculty members with simulation experience.

Expression of Ski can act as a negative feedback mechanism on retinoic acid signaling.

Background: Retinoic acid signaling is essential for many aspects of early development in vertebrates. To control the levels of signaling, several retinoic acid target genes have been identified that act to suppress retinoic acid signaling in a negative feedback loop. The nuclear protein Ski has been extensively studied for its ability to suppress transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling but has also been implicated in the repression of retinoic acid signaling.