Western Canadian cow-calf producers' perspectives about cattle welfare, handling, and training in cattle handling: A thematic analysis.

Beef producers and handlers have critical roles in influencing the welfare of beef cattle through their handling practices. Similarly, cattle handling training opportunities are important to enhance animal welfare by improving handling skills, attitudes, and handler behaviour. In this study, 15 audio-recorded interviews were conducted with cow-calf producers from Western Canada (Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan) to gather their views on cattle welfare, handling, and training in cattle handling.

Burlap and buddies: the effects of social enrichment (preweaning mixing) and object enrichment (burlap) on piglet performance, behavior, and welfare in the preweaning environment.

When weaned in commercial operations, piglets are not only separated from their sow but also mixed with unfamiliar pigs in an unfamiliar environment with a new diet. These abrupt changes can be stressful for piglets, often having negative welfare consequences. Our objective was to study the effects of early-life preweaning socialization and object enrichment in the preweaning environment.

Burlap and buddies: the effects of social enrichment (preweaning mixing) and object enrichment (burlap) on piglet behavior and welfare in the postweaning environment.

The process of weaning piglets in commercial swine operations subjects them to numerous abrupt and stressful changes often resulting in negative welfare consequences. The objective was to study the postweaning effects of early-life (1 to 3 d of age) preweaning socialization in multi-litter groups as well as object enrichment (burlap sheet) in the pre- and postweaning environment by comparing six treatments that combined mixing of one vs. two vs.

USING WILDLIFE REHABILITATION AND POSTMORTEM DATA TO IDENTIFY KEY CAUSES OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY IMPACTING THE HEALTH AND WELFARE OF FREE-LIVING WILD ANIMALS IN CANADA.

The health and welfare of wild animals are of increasing concern, yet there are very few large-scale data syntheses examining how causes of wildlife morbidity and mortality vary across time, space, and taxa. Records for 18,540 animals submitted to the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (CWHC) (2009-19) and 144,846 animals admitted to 19 wildlife rehabilitation centers (WRCs) (2015-19) were evaluated to 1) identify the main causes of morbidity and mortality for Canadian wildlife and 2) assess the utility and complementarity of these two data sources to further our understanding of wildlife health. The CWHC cases (mortality) were examined by pathologists and grouped by the presence or absence of five diagnostic categories: trauma, emaciation, infection or inflammation, toxicity, and other.

Emerging harmful algal blooms caused by distinct seasonal assemblages of a toxic diatom.

Diatoms in the genus produce the neurotoxin domoic acid. Domoic acid bioaccumulates in shellfish, causing illness in humans and marine animals upon ingestion. In 2017, high domoic acid levels in shellfish meat closed shellfish harvest in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island for the first and only time in history, although abundant have been observed for over 60 years To investigate whether an environmental factor altered endemic physiology or new domoic acid-producing strain(s) were introduced to Narragansett Bay, we conducted weekly sampling from 2017 to 2019 and compared closure samples.

Gender Differences in Student Comfort Voluntarily Asking and Answering Questions in Large-Enrollment College Science Courses.

Allowing students to ask and answer questions is a common practice employed by college science instructors. However, recent literature has identified that women participate in whole-class discussions less often than men. One hypothesized reason for this gender gap is that women may be less comfortable participating.

Call on me! Undergraduates' perceptions of voluntarily asking and answering questions in front of large-enrollment science classes.

Allowing students to voluntarily ask and answer questions in front of the whole class are common teaching practices used in college science courses. However, few studies have examined college science students' perceptions of these practices, the extent to which students choose to engage in these practices, and what discourages students from participating. In this study, we surveyed 417 undergraduates at a research-intensive institution about their experiences asking and answering questions in large-enrollment college science courses.

Impact of Intraoperative Fluid Management on Electrolyte and Acid-Base Variables During Posterior Spinal Fusion in Adolescents.

Introduction: Various isotonic fluids may be used to maintain intravascular homeostasis during major surgical procedures. Variations in the electrolyte and buffer concentrations between these solutions may result in differential changes in electrolyte and acid-base status during fluid resuscitation. This study evaluates these changes during posterior spinal fusion in adolescents.

Managing the Adult Patient with Congenital Heart Disease.

The focus of this article is noncardiac surgery in the adult with congenital heart disease (CHD). The purpose is to provide the general and pediatric anesthesiologist with a basic overview of the most common congenital cardiac lesions, their long-term sequelae, and expected perioperative concerns during noncardiac surgery. Because of the very heterogeneous nature of CHD, it is difficult to make a single article a comprehensive guide for every lesion and its associated perioperative concerns.

Synchronization of Dairy Cows Does Not Limit the Behavioral Response to Treatment in Mixed Treatment Experimental Designs.

In many research studies, animals assigned to different treatments are housed adjacently or together in a group. One critique of these designs has been the potential role of behavioral facilitation and synchronization between animals on different treatments in mixed treatment groups (heterogeneous groups). To evaluate this, we compared the synchrony of feeding behavior between dairy cows housed in heterogeneous groups to cows exposed to the same treatment simultaneously (homogenous groups).