The copper-catalysed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and sulfur-fluoride exchange (SuFEx) processes have limitations, such as difficulty in modifying triazole rings or selectively functionalizing SuFEx connectors.
A new strategy, bisphosphine-copper-catalysed phenoxydiazaborinine formation (CuPDF), integrates multiple compounds into a versatile link that can be modified in situ.
CuPDF and another method, copper- and palladium-catalysed quinoline formation (Cu/PdQNF), are easy to perform, applicable in aqueous environments, and enable the creation of tunable fluorescent hubs and complex oligomers without protection groups.
Studies on clone- and kin-discrimination in protists have proliferated during the past decade. We report clone-recognition experiments in seven Entamoeba lineages (E. invadens IP-1, E.