Using the Person-Based Approach to Co-Create and Optimize an App-Based Intervention to Support Better Sleep for Adolescents in the United Kingdom: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Poor sleep is a common problem in adolescents aged 14 to 18 years. Difficulties with sleep have been found to have a bidirectional link to mental health problems.

Objective: This new research sought to involve young people in the co-creation of a new app, particularly those from underserved communities.

Entanglements of Technologies, Agency and Selfhood: Exploring the Complexity in Attitudes Toward Mental Health Chatbots.

Whilst chatbots for mental health are becoming increasingly prevalent, research on user experiences and expectations is relatively scarce and also equivocal on their acceptability and utility. This paper asks how people formulate their understandings of what might be appropriate in this space. We draw on data from a group of non-users who have experienced a need for support, and so can imagine self as therapeutic target-enabling us to tap into their imaginative speculations of the self in relation to the chatbot other and the forms of agency they see as being at play; unconstrained by a specific actual chatbot.

Partner Alliance to Enhance Efficacy and Adherence of CBT-I.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is now widely recognized as the first-line management strategy for insomnia, both for insomnia in its "pure" form, and when comorbid with a physical or psychological illness. However, there is a definite need to develop and test both alternative and adjunct interventions to CBT-I, before implementing them into routine practice. The aim of this article is to provide a narrative review of the literature with regard to what is known about the influence of partners on sleep, insomnia, and its management.

Are sleep quality judgments comparable across individuals, places, and spaces? An interdisciplinary analysis of data from 207,608 individuals across 68 countries.

Objectives: Significant research has shown that health is a heterogeneous concept, and one person's poor health may not be comparable with another's. Yet, little consideration has been given to whether sleep quality judgments are also heterogeneous or whether they cohere between individuals. Another possibility is that there are group differences in the ways in which sleep quality is perceived.

Inequalities in recovery or methodological artefact? A comparison of models across physical and mental health functioning.

Considerable attention has been paid to inequalities in health. More recently, focus has also turned to inequalities in 'recovery'; with research, for example, suggesting that lower grade of employment is strongly associated with slower recovery from both poor physical and poor mental health. However, this research has tended to operationalise recovery as 'return to baseline', and we know less about patterns and predictors when recovery is situated as a 'process'.

Desynchronised times? Chronobiology, (bio)medicalisation and the rhythms of life itself.

This paper takes a critical look at the role of chronobiology in society today, with particular reference to its entanglements with health and medicine and whether or not this amounts to the (bio)medicalisation of our bodily rhythms. What we have here, we show, is a complex unfolding storyline, within and beyond medicine. On the one hand, the promises and problems of these circadian, infradian and ultradian rhythms for our health and well-being are now increasingly emphasised.

Conversational agents and the making of mental health recovery.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is said to be "transforming mental health". AI-based technologies and technique are now considered to have uses in almost every domain of mental health care: including decision-making, assessment and healthcare management. What remains underexplored is whether/how mental health is situated within these discussions and practices.

US Army Combat Medic Performance With Portable Ultrasound to Detect Sonographic Findings of Pneumothorax in a Cadaveric Model.

Background: Ultrasound, due to recent advances in portability and versatility, has become a valuable clinical adjunct in austere, resource-limited settings and is well demonstrated to be an accurate/efficient means to detect pneumothorax. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of hands-on ultrasound training on ultrasound-naive US Army combat medics' ability to detect sonographic findings of pneumothorax with portable ultrasound in a cadaver model.

Methods: Ultrasound-naive US Army combat medics assigned to conventional military units were recruited from a single US Army installation and randomized to receive either didactic training only, or "blended" (didactic and hands-on) training on ultrasound detection of pneumothorax.

Development and early validation of a patient-reported outcome measure to assess sleep amongst people experiencing problems with alcohol or other drugs.

Study Objectives: To develop a patient-reported outcome measure to assess sleep amongst people experiencing problems with alcohol or other drugs.

Methods: Item development included secondary analyses of qualitative interviews with drug or alcohol users in residential treatment, a review of validated sleep measures, focus groups with drug or alcohol users in residential treatment, and feedback from drug or alcohol users recruited from community and residential settings. An initial version of the measure was completed by 549 current and former drug or alcohol users (442 in person and 107 online).

Substance use, sleep and intervention design: insights from qualitative data.

: Alcohol and other drug use is associated with poor sleep quality and quantity, but there is limited qualitative research exploring substance users' experiences of sleep and few psychosocial sleep interventions for them. : To inform the development of psychosocial interventions to improve sleep amongst people reporting drug/alcohol problems. : Qualitative data were collected during a sleep survey.

Sleep waves and recovery from drug and alcohol dependence: Towards a rhythm analysis of sleep in residential treatment.

This paper reports on a study of sleep amongst men and women who are living in residential rehabilitation centres in the UK and who are receiving support for their recovery from addiction to alcohol and other forms of substance use. Conceptually and methodologically, the paper draws on the work of the French sociologist Lefebvre and, in particular, his rhythmanalysis. We argue that this approach offers a useful way of exploring sleep in terms of biological, experiential, temporal, spatial and social rhythms.

Disturbing sleep and sleepfulness during recovery from substance dependence in residential rehabilitation settings.

There is evidence that poor sleep mitigates recovery from substance dependence and increases risk of relapse. However, to date research literature is located within biomedical, clinical and psychological paradigms. To complement the extant work, this article offers a sociological exploration of sleep in the context of recovery from dependence on alcohol and/or other drugs.

Marital Status, Relationship Distress, and Self-rated Health: What Role for "Sleep Problems"?

This paper analyzes data from a nationally representative survey of adults in the United Kingdom (Understanding Society, N = 37,253) to explore the marital status/health nexus (using categories that include a measure of relationship distress) and to assess the role that sleep problems play as a potential mediator. Findings indicate how it is not just the "form" marital status takes but also the absence or presence of relationship distress that is essential to self-rated health. We demonstrate two further findings that: (1) sleep problems act as a mediator of the link between marital status/relationship distress and self-rated health, most notably for those in cohabiting relationships with medium/high distress or who have a history of relationship loss, and (2) the mediating role of sleep problems differs for divorced men and women.

'M-apping' sleep? Trends and transformations in the digital age.

This article critically explores recent trends and transformations in the monitoring and management of sleep in the digital age, taking as its focus the advent of new digital technologies to trace and track the 'sleep of ourselves' far away from the conventional sleep laboratory or clinic. Our argument is situated dually in the history of sleep science and medicine on the one hand, and the rise of new digital forms of so-called self-tracking and mobile health (m-Health) on the other hand. While the recent history of sleep science and medicine may rightly we suggest, in Kroker's terms, be characterised as a concern with the 'sleep of others', a new chapter in this story may well be dawning through the advent of these smart new mobile tools and technologies for mapping, or 'm-apping' as we term it, the 'sleep of ourselves' in the digital age.

Subjective financial well-being, income and health inequalities in mid and later life in Britain.

The relationship between health and income is well established, but the link between subjective financial well-being and self-reported health has been relatively ignored. This study investigates the relationship between income, subjective financial well-being and health in mid-life and later life in Britain. Analysis of the General Household Survey for 2006 examined these relationships at ages 45-64 (n = 4639) and 65 and over (n = 3104).

Gender differences in approaches to self-management of poor sleep in later life.

In this paper we seek to understand the influence of gender on the different approaches to managing poor sleep by older men and women through the conceptual framework of existing theoretical debates on medicalization, healthicization and 'personalization'. In-depth interviews undertaken between January and July 2008 with 62 people aged 65-95 who were experiencing poor sleep, revealed that the majority of older men and women resisted the medicalization of poor sleep, as they perceived sleep problems in later life were an inevitable consequence of ageing. However, older men and women engaged differently with the healthicization of poor sleep, with women far more likely than men to explore a range of alternative sleep remedies, such as herbal supplements, and were also much more likely than men to engage in behavioural practices to promote good sleep, and to avoid practices which prevented sleep.

An actigraphic study comparing community dwelling poor sleepers with non-demented care home residents.

Sleep disturbances are a common problem among institutionalized older people. Studies have shown that this population experiences prolonged sleep latency, increased fragmentation and wake after sleep onset, more disturbed circadian rhythms, and night-day reversal. However, studies have not examined the extent to which this is because of individual factors known to influence sleep (such as age) or because of the institutional environment.

Non-peptide entry inhibitors of HIV-1 that target the gp41 coiled coil pocket.

The ectodomain of HIV-1 gp41 mediates the fusion of viral and host cellular membranes. The peptide-based drug Enfuvirtide(1) is precedent that antagonists of this fusion activity may act as anti HIV-agents. Here, NMR screening was used to discover non-peptide leads against this target and resulted in the discovery of a new benzamide 1 series.

Exploring the interdependence of couples' rest-wake cycles: an actigraphic study.

Within western societies, it is commonplace for couples to share a bed. Yet there has been remarkably little research carried out on couples' sleep. This paper draws upon actigraphy, audio diary, and questionnaire data from both partners of 36 heterosexual couples (age 20-59 yrs) and aims to quantify the extent to which it is important to take into account the dyadic nature of sleep-wake cycles.

Gender and socio-economic patterning of self-reported sleep problems in Britain.

Sleep is fundamental to health and well-being, yet relatively little research attention has been paid to sleep quality. This paper addresses how socio-economic circumstances and gender are associated with sleep problems. We examine (i) socio-economic status (SES) patterning of reported sleep problems, (ii) whether SES differences in sleep problems can be explained by socio-demographic characteristics, smoking, worries, health and depression, and (iii) gender differences in sleep problems, addressing the relative contribution of SES, smoking, worries, health and depression in explaining these differences.

Engaging with sleep: male definitions, understandings and attitudes.

Recent literature has highlighted the sociological significance of sleep and has suggested that sleep offers a 'window' onto the gendered nature of our lives. Yet within this body of work men's sleep has been largely ignored. This paper seeks to rectify this omission and situates itself at the intersection between literature on the sociological aspects of sleep and social-constructionist-orientated writings on men's health.

The fourth shift: exploring the gendered nature of sleep disruption among couples with children.

The study of sleep has been neglected within sociology, yet may provide insights into fundamental aspects of the nature of gender inequalities. This article examines how, for couples with children, sleep is influenced by the gendered nature of caring. A key concern is not only who gets up to care for children's physical needs at night, but whether this changes with women's increased role in the labour market.

Development of a portable psychometric testing device for use in the field: an alcohol investigation.

Cognitive and psychomotor performance have traditionally been assessed in the laboratory. There is a need for an objective portable assessment tool to assess cognitive and psychomotor performance. This study investigated the viability of a portable psychometric test battery, in a controlled laboratory environment, possibly leading to use in the field.