Preclinical Multi-Omic Assessment of Pioglitazone in Skeletal Muscles of Mice Implanted with Human HER2/neu Overexpressing Breast Cancer Xenografts.

: Breast cancer (BC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and is accompanied by fatigue during both active disease and remission in the majority of cases. Our lab has measured fatigue in isolated muscles from treatment-naive BC patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (BC-PDOX) mice. Here, we conducted a preclinical trial of pioglitazone in BC-PDOX mice to determine its efficacy in ameliorating BC-induced muscle fatigue, as well as its effects on transcriptomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic profiles in skeletal muscle.

Diabetes mellitus disrupts lncRNA Malat1 regulation of cardiac mitochondrial genome-encoded protein expression.

Understanding the cellular mechanisms behind diabetes-related cardiomyopathy is crucial as it is a common and deadly complication of diabetes mellitus. Dysregulation of the mitochondrial genome has been linked to diabetic cardiomyopathy and can be ameliorated by altering microRNA (miRNA) availability in the mitochondrion. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been identified to downregulate miRNAs.

Cerebral hypoperfusion exacerbates vascular dysfunction after traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injuries are extremely common, and although most patients recover from their injuries many TBI patients suffer prolonged symptoms and remain at a higher risk for developing cardiovascular disease and neurodegeneration. Moreover, it remains challenging to identify predictors of poor long-term outcomes. Here, we tested the hypothesis that preexisting cerebrovascular impairment exacerbates metabolic and vascular dysfunction and leads to worse outcomes after TBI.

Preclinical Multi-Omic Assessment of Pioglitazone in Skeletal Muscles of Mice Implanted with Human HER2/neu Overexpressing Breast Cancer Xenografts.

Unlabelled: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer worldwide and is accompanied by fatigue during both active disease and remission in the majority of cases. Our lab has measured fatigue in isolated muscles from treatment-naive BC patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (BC-PDOX) mice. Here, we conducted a preclinical trial of pioglitazone in BC-PDOX mice to determine its efficacy in ameliorating BC-induced muscle fatigue, as well as its effects on transcriptomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic profiles in skeletal muscle.

Evaluation of a Natural Language Processing Model to Identify and Characterize Patients in the United States With High-Risk Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Purpose: Treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is guided by risk stratification using clinical and pathologic criteria. This study aimed to develop a natural language processing (NLP) model for identifying patients with high-risk NMIBC retrospectively from unstructured electronic medical records (EMRs) and to apply the model to describe patient and tumor characteristics.

Methods: We used three independent EMR-derived data sets including adult patients with a bladder cancer diagnosis in 2011-2020 for NLP model development and training (n = 140), validation (n = 697), and application for the retrospective cohort analysis (n = 4,402).

A pilot study of mitochondrial response to an in vivo prosthetic joint Staphylococcus aureus infection model.

Prosthetic joint infections (PJI) are associated with orthopaedic morbidity and mortality. Mitochondria, the "cell's powerhouses," are thought to play crucial roles in infection response and in increased risk of sepsis mortality. No current research discusses PJI's effect on mitochondrial function and a lack of understanding of immune-infection interactions potentially hinders patient care.

A nitroalkene derivative of salicylate alleviates diet-induced obesity by activating creatine metabolism and non-shivering thermogenesis.

Obesity-related type II diabetes (diabesity) has increased global morbidity and mortality dramatically. Previously, the ancient drug salicylate demonstrated promise for the treatment of type II diabetes, but its clinical use was precluded due to high dose requirements. In this study, we present a nitroalkene derivative of salicylate, 5-(2-nitroethenyl)salicylic acid (SANA), a molecule with unprecedented beneficial effects in diet-induced obesity (DIO).

Chemotherapeutic Activity of Pitavastatin in Vincristine Resistant B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia.

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is derived from an accumulation of malignant, immature B cells in the bone marrow and blood. Relapse due, in part, to the emergence of tumor cells that are resistant to front line standard chemotherapy is associated with poor patient outcomes. This challenge highlights the need for new treatment strategies to eliminate residual chemoresistant tumor cells.

Activation, physical activity, and outcomes among individuals with T2D.

Objectives: To explore the associations among activation, physical activity, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and healthy days in older adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who participated in wellness programs.

Study Design: Observational, longitudinal cohort study utilizing survey, claims, and wellness program data.

Methods: From January to May 2018, individuals enrolled in a commercial or Medicare Advantage and prescription drug plan with T2D (aged 55-89 years) and SilverSneakers or step count data were eligible.

Predicting Response to Bolus Insulin Therapy in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.

Background: The aim of this study was to develop a predictive model to classify people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) into expected levels of success upon bolus insulin initiation.

Methods: Machine learning methods were applied to a large nationally representative insurance claims database from the United States (dNHI database; data from 2007 to 2017). We trained boosted decision tree ensembles (XGBoost) to assign people into Class 0 (never meeting HbA1c goal), Class 1 (meeting but not maintaining HbA1c goal), or Class 2 (meeting and maintaining HbA1c goal) based on the demographic and clinical data available prior to initiating bolus insulin.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Beliefs of Pediatric Health Care Workers: Understanding the Response to COVID-19.

Introduction: This research aims to assess knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of PHCW regarding COVID-19.

Method: Data collected using an electronic survey sent to pediatric health care workers.

Results: Age was not likely to influence willingness to care for patients with COVID-19.

Costs and Outcomes Comparison of Diabetes Technology Usage Among People With Type 1 or 2 Diabetes Using Rapid-Acting Insulin.

Background: Does initiation of a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) or insulin pump lower health care utilization and/or costs?

Methods: Distinct cohorts of people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D) using a blood glucose monitor (BGM), CGM, pump, or CGM with pump were identified from a large claims database. Patients ≥40 years old with 12 months of continuous enrollment before and after the device start date qualified for the study. Outcomes included one-year medical utilization and costs (minus device) for events such as hospitalizations and office visits.

Use of Connected Pen as a Diagnostic Tool to Evaluate Missed Bolus Dosing Behavior in People with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes.

This study used connected pen to determine missed bolus dose (MBD) frequency during masked and unmasked continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) periods and examined its link with time-in-range (TIR), time-above-range (TAR), time-below-range (TBR), and key participant characteristics in people with diabetes. This was a 12-week, single-arm, exploratory, two-period study for people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) or type 2 diabetes (T2D). The primary objective was to estimate the average number of MBD during masked and real-time CGM use.

Loss of the redox mitochondrial protein mitoNEET leads to mitochondrial dysfunction in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) affects both pediatric and adult patients. Chemotherapy resistant tumor cells that contribute to minimal residual disease (MRD) underlie relapse and poor clinical outcomes in a sub-set of patients. Targeting mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in the treatment of refractory leukemic cells is a potential novel approach to sensitizing tumor cells to existing standard of care therapeutic agents.

Citizen science reveals unexpected solute patterns in semiarid river networks.

Human modification of water and nutrient flows has resulted in widespread degradation of aquatic ecosystems. The resulting global water crisis causes millions of deaths and trillions of USD in economic damages annually. Semiarid regions have been disproportionately affected because of high relative water demand and pollution.

Evaluating the relationship between clinical and demographic characteristics of insulin-using people with diabetes and their health outcomes: a cluster analysis application.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine how clusters or subgroups of insulin-treated people with diabetes, based upon healthcare resource utilization, select social demographic and clinical characteristics, and diabetes management parameters, are related to health outcomes including acute care visits and hospital admissions.

Methods: This was a non-experimental, retrospective cluster analysis. We utilized Aetna administrative claims data to identify insulin-using people with diabetes with service dates from 01 January 2015 to 30 June 2018.

The Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale-Subtle Version: Using an Adapted Measure to Understand the Declining Rates of Rape Myth Acceptance.

Research in recent years has shown decreased rates of rape myth acceptance. This decrease may be due to an actual decline in attitudes, but it may also be fully or in part because such attitudes have become socially undesirable to acknowledge. However, most of the current measures of rape myth acceptance are not sensitive to this issue.

Trends in U.S. Insulin Use and Glucose Monitoring for People with Diabetes: 2009-2018.

Background: The delivery and administration of insulin has undergone many changes over the years. This research examines U.S.

Middle school students' engagement in and beliefs about student misbehavior: A social domain approach.

Introduction: Through the lens of social domain theory, the present study examined how 7th grade students coordinated social and moral reasoning when thinking about transgressions.

Method: Eighty-nine 7th-grade students (Mean = 13.05 years; 46 female students) were sampled to assess their beliefs about and engagement in school and classroom misbehavior.

The Influence of Parent Distress and Parenting on Bereaved Siblings' Externalizing Problems.

Objectives: Bereaved siblings experience more externalizing problems compared to non-bereaved peers and norms; however, the mechanisms explaining this phenomenon have not been empirically examined. This study tested the serial indirect effects of sibling bereavement on adolescents' externalizing problems through parent distress (i.e.

Post-COVID-19 New Normal for Molecular Imaging Departments: A United Kingdom Perspective.

Coronavirus disease 2019 has changed the way the world is navigated and has had a massive impact on health care. Depending on where you are in the world, the guidance on dealing with potential infected patients is varied. With the high risk of a second wave, it is important to learn from initial responses to plan for the future.

Temporal and Geographic Variation in the Incidence of Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis in the US between 2007 and 2014.

Objectives: Our aim was to describe the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the United States, overall and by geographic region.

Design: We conducted retrospective analyses of administrative claims data for a 5% random sample of US Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older. AD incidence, defined as a diagnosis for AD (International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 331.

Reduced medical spending associated with increased use of a remote diabetes management program and lower mean blood glucose values.

Many new mobile technologies are available to assist people in managing chronic conditions, but data on the association between the use of these technologies and medical spending remains limited. As the available digital technology offerings to aid in diabetes management increase, it is important to understand their impact on medical spending. The aim of this study was to investigate the financial impact of a remote digital diabetes management program using medical claims and real-time blood glucose data.

Observation versus treatment among men with favorable risk prostate cancer in a community-based integrated health care system: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: The objective of this study was to describe overall survival and the management of men with favorable risk prostate cancer (PCa) within a large community-based health care system in the United States.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using linked electronic health records from men aged ≥40 years with favorable risk PCa (T1 or 2, PSA ≤15, Gleason ≤7 [3 + 4]) diagnosed between January 2005 and October 2013. Cohorts were defined as receiving any treatment (IMT) or no treatment (OBS) within 6 months after index PCa diagnosis.