Substance Use Epidemiology as a Foundation for Prevention.

In the 50 years since its establishment, the National Institute on Drug Abuse has made significant investment and strides toward improving individual and public health. Epidemiology serves as the foundation for understanding the how many, why, how, where, and who of drug use and its consequences, and effective epidemiology research and training are geared toward actionable findings that can inform real-world responses. Epidemiologic findings enhance clinicians' ability to provide ongoing care by incorporating information about the patterns and outcomes of drug use that their patients may experience.

Flavor and Device Choices Among People Who Use ENDS: Results From the PATH Study.

Introduction: In guidance published in February 2020, the FDA described their intent to prioritize enforcement against the sale of flavored cartridge-based Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) except tobacco and menthol flavors. This guidance was specific to cartridge-based ENDS and did not apply to other ENDS types or e-liquids sold in the U.S.

Changes in the harm perceptions of different types of tobacco products for youth and adults: Waves 1-5 of the population assessment of tobacco and health (PATH) study, 2013-2019.

Introduction: Tobacco harm perceptions are associated with tobacco use for both youth and adults, but it is unknown how these harm perceptions have changed over time in a changing tobacco product landscape.

Methods: Data from Waves 1-5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study were analyzed to examine perceptions of harm of eight non-cigarette tobacco products compared to cigarettes. Perceptions of harm were assessed with the questions, "Is smoking/using [product] less harmful, about the same, or more harmful than smoking cigarettes?".

2020 design and methods of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is a nationally representative, longitudinal study of the US population on tobacco use and its effects on health, collecting data annually since 2013. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted in-person survey data collections around the world. In the USA, this included a PATH Study data collection focused on youth (13-17) and young adults (18-19) as well as other US surveys on tobacco use.

Divergence in Cigarette Discontinuation Rates by Use of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS): Longitudinal Findings From the United States PATH Study Waves 1-6.

Introduction: We compare real-world trends in population-level cigarette discontinuation rates among adults (ages ≥21) who smoked cigarettes, by electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use.

Aims And Methods: U.S nationally representative data from adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013/14-2021, Waves 1-6) who smoked cigarettes in the past 30 days (P30D) were analyzed (n = 13 640).

Patterns of Premium and Nonpremium Cigar Use in the United States: Findings from Wave 6 (2021) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.

Introduction: Understanding the characteristics of premium cigar use patterns is essential for minimizing public health harms. Typically, premium cigars are handmade, larger, more expensive, and without the characterizing flavors that are present in other cigar types: Nonpremium traditional cigars, cigarillos, and filtered cigars.

Aims And Methods: Self-reported brand and price data were used from Wave 6 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study to define and estimate premium versus nonpremium cigar use among U.

Update to the design and methods of the PATH Study, Wave 4 (2016-2017).

The Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study is a nationally representative study of the US population on tobacco use and its effects on health, with four waves of data collection between 2013 and 2017. Prior work described the methods of the first three waves. In this paper, we describe the methods of Wave 4, during which a replenishment sample was added to the ongoing cohort.

Tobacco, Alcohol, Cannabis, and Other Drug Use in the US Before and During the Early Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Importance: Information about national substance use trends among youths and adults after mid-March 2020 is limited due to constraints on surveillance during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To evaluate whether substance use prevalence in the early part of the pandemic (2020) differed from the prepandemic periods of 2018 to 2019 and 2016 to 2018.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study was a repeated analysis of 2016 to 2020 data from a nationally representative sample of youths and adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

Qualitative insights on how adult e-cigarette users describe quantity of e-cigarettes used - PATH Study 2018.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to gain a deeper understanding of how adult e-cigarette users describe quantity of e-cigarettes used. Data for this analysis came from a qualitative study of U.S.

Effects of e-cigarette use on cigarette smoking among U.S. youth, 2004-2018.

Objective: To determine if the declining trend in U.S. youth cigarette smoking changed after e-cigarettes were introduced, and if youth e-cigarette users would have been likely to smoke cigarettes based on psychosocial and demographic predictors of smoking.

Patterns of tobacco use and nicotine dependence among youth, United States, 2017-2018.

This study examined patterns of tobacco product use and their association with nicotine dependence among U.S. youth.

Tobacco Product Use Among High School Students - Youth Risk Behavior Survey, United States, 2019.

Tobacco product use is the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death in the United States. This report used data from the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey to assess the following among U.S.

Tobacco Product Use and Associated Factors Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2019.

Problem/condition: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease, disability, and death in the United States. Most tobacco product use begins during adolescence. In recent years, tobacco products have evolved to include various smoked, smokeless, and electronic products.

Tobacco Product Use and Cessation Indicators Among Adults - United States, 2018.

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States (1). The prevalence of adult cigarette smoking has declined in recent years to 14.0% in 2017 (2).

e-Cigarette Use Among Youth in the United States, 2019.

Importance: The prevalence of e-cigarette use among US youth increased from 2011 to 2018. Continued monitoring of the prevalence of e-cigarette and other tobacco product use among youth is important to inform public health policy, planning, and regulatory efforts.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette use among US high school and middle school students in 2019 including frequency of use, brands used, and use of flavored products.

Who is JUULing and Why? An Examination of Young Adult Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems Users.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare characteristics of usual JUUL users versus other electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) users, examine differences in reasons for use and perceptions across ENDS user groups, and identify significant correlates of usual JUUL use.

Methods: This study used data from 510 young adult ENDS users (ages 18-29 years) from Wave 7 (Spring 2018) of the Marketing and Promotions Across Colleges in Texas Project (Project M-PACT). Chi-Square analyses, independent t-tests, and mixed-effects logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with usual JUUL use.

Longitudinal Patterns of Multiple Tobacco and Nicotine Product Use Among Texas College Students: a Latent Transition Analysis.

Diverse tobacco and nicotine products have altered the terrain of tobacco use behaviors. Limited research has examined contemporary patterns of use among young adults. This study identified tobacco and nicotine product use groups and examined changes in young adults' use patterns, across a 1.

Research on Youth and Young Adult Tobacco Use, 2013-2018, From the Food and Drug Administration-National Institutes of Health Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science.

Unlabelled: The Tobacco Regulatory Science Program is a collaborative research effort between the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In 2013, the NIH funded 14 Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science (TCORS), which serve as partners in establishing research, training, and professional development programs to guide FDA. Each of the fourteen TCORS, and two other NIH-funded research programs, the Center for the Evaluation of Nicotine in Cigarettes (CENIC) and the Consortium on Methods Evaluating Tobacco (COMET), pursued specific research themes relevant to FDA's priorities.

Systematic review of cigars, cigarillos, and little cigars among adolescents: Setting research agenda to inform tobacco control policy.

Introduction: We conducted a systematic review of the literature on cigar research on youth to identify potential future research agenda to generate evidence to inform cigar regulations to prevent cigar use among youth.

Methods: We searched articles on Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO in April 2017 to identify articles relevant to cigars and adolescents. Two independent coders examined 48 articles to determine eligibility: (1) published between 2000-April 2017; (2) published in English; (3) conducted in the United States; (4) published in a peer-review journal; (5) examined cigars, cigarillos, or little cigars; (6) included youth (12-18 years old); and (7) included empirical data.

Vital Signs: Tobacco Product Use Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2011-2018.

Introduction: Tobacco use is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States; nearly all tobacco product use begins during youth and young adulthood.

Methods: CDC, the Food and Drug Administration, and the National Cancer Institute analyzed data from the 2011-2018 National Youth Tobacco Surveys to estimate tobacco product use among U.S.

Patterns of sustained e-cigarette use in a sample of young adults.

Introduction: E-cigarette use and devices are rapidly changing, yet there is not much scientific evidence examining these changes over time. The purpose of this study is to describe patterns of e-cigarette use in a sample of sustained (i.e.

Adolescent Tobacco Uptake and Other Substance Use: A Latent Class Analysis.

The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of tobacco uptake and other substance use, from early to late adolescence. We used weighted latent class analysis, conducted separately for 7, 9, and 11 graders, to assess patterns of susceptibility, ever and current use of combustible tobacco and e-cigarettes, and other substance use (ie, current alcohol, binge drinking, and marijuana). Data were from Wave 3 of the Texas Adolescent Tobacco and Marketing Surveillance System (n = 2733; N = 461,069), collected in fall 2015.

Marketing Exposure Recall is Associated With Past 30-Day Single, Dual, Polytobacco Use Among US Adolescents.

Introduction: This study assesses the relationship between tobacco/e-cigarette marketing exposure and single, dual, and polytobacco product use, among adolescents. Given the increased use of noncigarette tobacco products (eg, cigars, e-cigarettes, hookah) among youth, it is imperative to understand if marketing exposure is associated with dual and polytobacco product use.

Methods: Data were obtained from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey and weighted to be representative of US middle and high school students.