Synthesis of novel pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) C1-substituted monomers and dimers with DNA-binding activity and cytotoxicity.

The pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) represent a major class of sequence-selective DNA-alkylating molecules, one example of which, in its dimeric DNA-cross-linking form, is employed as the payload in the anticancer Antibody Drug Conjugate (ADC) loncastuximab tesirine-lpyl. To date, PBD analogues have been produced with substituents at every position of the tricyclic skeleton except the C1-position. We report here the first synthesis of a C1-subsitituted PBD monomer and dimer, both of which possess DNA-binding activity and cytotoxicity in a cancer cell line.

Why COVID-19 Symptomatic Patients Did Not Seek Healthcare Service at the Early Phase of the Pandemic in Bangladesh: Evidence From a Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective The health-seeking behavior (HSB) of patients during an outbreak is crucial in mitigating the spread of disease. Poor HSB can increase mortality and make contact tracing more difficult. In this study, we aimed to examine the status of HSB among Bangladeshi educated individuals during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic when infection was spreading quickly, and social distancing measures were tightened across the country.

Genetic determinants of SARS-CoV-2 and the clinical outcome of COVID-19 in Southern Bangladesh.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had a severe impact on population health. The genetic determinants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in southern Bangladesh are not well understood.

Methods: This study aimed to determine the genomic variation in SARS-CoV-2 genomes that have evolved over 2 years of the pandemic in southern Bangladesh and their association with disease outcomes and virulence of this virus.

Effects of low temperatures on quiescence in Trichogramma evanescens Westwood and T. chilonis Ishii reared on Plodia interpunctella (Hübner): implications for mass rearing.

The egg parasitoids of the genus Trichogramma are important potential biological control agents for a wide range of lepidopteran pests. Cold storage of host eggs has been proposed as a valuable technique for ensuring the release of sufficient parasitoid numbers whenever it is needed. In this context, the impact of low temperatures to induce quiescence in T.

Knowledge and attitudes of thalassaemia among high-risk indigenous university students in Bangladesh: A pilot study.

Background And Objectives: Thalassaemia is an inherited life-threatening but preventable haemoglobin disorder. South Asian countries, including Bangladesh, are the hotspots of the world's thalassaemia belt. Indigenous communities are underprivileged and vulnerable to genetic disorders, including thalassaemia.

Improved Quality Management of the Indian Meal Moth, (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) for Enhanced Efficacy of the Sterile Insect Technique.

The sterile insect technique (SIT) is considered an environmentally friendly, autocidal control tactic to manage insect pests. This work dealt with the improvement of quality management of the Indian meal moth (Hübner) for enhanced efficacy of the SIT. The results indicated that egg hatching of irradiated mature eggs of was higher than that of younger eggs, indicating that mature eggs were significantly more tolerant than younger eggs.

Mechanistic insight into the repair of C8-linked pyrrolobenzodiazepine monomer-mediated DNA damage.

Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) are naturally occurring DNA binding compounds that possess anti-tumor and anti-bacterial activity. Chemical modifications of PBDs can result in improved DNA binding, sequence specificity and enhanced efficacy. More recently, synthetic PBD monomers have shown promise as payloads for antibody drug conjugates and anti-bacterial agents.

Association between TCF7L2 polymorphism and type 2 diabetes mellitus susceptibility: a case-control study among the Bangladeshi population.

Background: Diabetes is a severe health burden for Bangladesh. Genetic polymorphism has been reported to be one of the major risk factors for diabetes in various studies. TCF7L2 (transcription factor 7 like 2) transcripts in the human β-cell have effects on β-cell survival, function, and Wnt signaling activation.

Investigating Antimicrobial Resistance and ESBL Producing Gene in Isolates among Neonates and Adolescents in Southern Bangladesh.

Background: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) clones of () have been increasingly documented in community-acquired and nosocomial infections all around the globe. Extended-spectrum -lactamases (ESBLs) are a rapidly evolving group of -lactamase enzymes derived from SHV genes by mutations. This research work aimed to investigate and analyze the widespread prevalence of antibiotic resistance in different areas of the southern part of Bangladesh.

Induced dormancy in Indian meal moth (Hübner) and its impact on the quality improvement for mass rearing in parasitoid (Say).

A steady supply of hosts at the susceptible stage for parasitism is a major component of mass rearing parasitoids for biological control programs. Here we describe the effects of storing 5th instar larvae in dormancy on subsequent host development in the context of host colony maintenance and effects of the duration of host dormancy on the development of parasitoids reared from dormant hosts. We induced dormancy with a combination of short daylength (12L:12D) and lower temperature (15°C), conditions known to induce diapause in this species, and held 5th instar larvae of for a series of dormancy durations ranging from 15 to 105 days.

Estimating long-term spatial distribution of Plodia interpunctella in various food facilities at Rajshahi Municipality, Bangladesh, through pheromone-baited traps.

The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), feeds on a wide range of commodities in most regions of the world. The present study presents six years of monitoring data for P. interpunctella in pheromone-baited traps by analyzing the trends of spatial variability, in five food facilities located in the Rajshahi municipality area of Bangladesh.

The relationship between medical comorbidities and health-related quality of life among adults with type 2 diabetes: The experience of different hospitals in southern Bangladesh.

Objective: Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a critical determinant to assess the severity of chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus. It has a close association with complications, comorbidities, and medical aid. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of medical comorbidities and determine the relationship between comorbidities and HRQoL among type 2 diabetic patients of southern Bangladesh.

Effects of Diet and Temperature on the Life History of the Redlegged Ham Beetle (Coleoptera: Cleridae).

We investigated the effects of various foods and different rearing temperatures on the survival and development of the redlegged ham beetle Necrobia rufipes (De Geer) (Coleoptera: Cleridae), a serious pest of dry-cured hams. The diets tested were dried pet food, finely shredded copra, shredded cheese, dry-cured ham, ground fish meal, and mature larvae of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). As indicated by the growth index and k-values, N.

Factors influencing the choice of monoclonal antibodies for antibody-drug conjugates.

In antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) act as carriers for a cytotoxic payload providing the therapy with targeted action against cells expressing a target cell surface antigen. An appropriate choice of mAb is crucial to developing a successful ADC for clinical development. However, problems such as immunogenicity, poor pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles and variable drug-antibody ratios (DARs) plague ADCs.

Major Insights in Dynamics of Host Response to SARS-CoV-2: Impacts and Challenges.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic declared by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020, is caused by the infection of highly transmissible species of a novel coronavirus called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). As of July 25, 2021, there are 194,372,584 cases and 4,167,937 deaths with high variability in clinical manifestations, disease burden, and post-disease complications among different people around the globe. Overall, COVID-19 is manifested as mild to moderate in almost 90% of the cases and only the rest 10% of the cases need hospitalization.

Prevalence and molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance and associated genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: A clinical observational study in different hospitals in Chattogram, Bangladesh.

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of multidrug resistance and molecular characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN) from clinical isolates in the southern region of Bangladesh. Additional analysis of the prevalence of blaNDM-1, blaSHV-11, uge genes of KPN was also carried out among these clinical isolates.

Method: The study was carried out using 1000 clinical isolates collected from two different hospitals of Chattogram.

The parental perspective of thalassaemia in Bangladesh: lack of knowledge, regret, and barriers.

Background: Thalassaemia, a hereditary haemoglobin disorder, is a major public health concern in some parts of the world. Although Bangladesh is in the world's thalassaemia belt, the information on this disease is scarce. Additionally, the awareness of this life threatening, but potentially preventable disease is surprisingly poor.

Insights into the first seven-months of COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: lessons learned from a high-risk country.

South Asian countries have been struggling to control the COVID-19 pandemic despite imposing months of lockdown and other public health measures. This review aims to describe the epidemiological features and shortcomings in public health preparedness to tackle COVID-19 as well as derive lessons from these events in the context of Bangladesh. We have shown that an increase in human mobility was evident throughout the lockdown period.

Global and local mutations in Bangladeshi SARS-CoV-2 genomes.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) warrants comprehensive investigations of publicly available Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) genomes to gain new insight about their epidemiology, mutations, and pathogenesis. Nearly 0.4 million mutations have been identified so far among the ∼60,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequences.

Therapeutic Intervention of COVID-19 by Natural Products: A Population-Specific Survey Directed Approach.

To date very few promising leads from natural products (NP) secondary metabolites with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties have been identified for promising/potential intervention for COVID-19. Using in-silico docking studies and genome based various molecular targets, and their in vitro anti-SARS CoV-2 activities against whole cell and/or selected protein targets, we select a few compounds of interest, which can be used as potential leads to counteract effects of uncontrolled innate immune responses, in particular those related to the cytokine storm. A critical factor for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection relates to factors independent of viral infection or host response.

Factors associated with low adherence to medication among patients with type 2 diabetes at different healthcare facilities in southern Bangladesh.

: Diabetic individuals must adhere to their medications to control their glucose levels and prevent diabetes-related complications. However, there is limited evidence of medication adherence in patients with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh. : We assessed the level of adherence and factors associated with low adherence to anti-diabetic medication among patients with type 2 diabetes at different health facilities in southern Bangladesh.

Clinical characteristics and short term outcomes after recovery from COVID-19 in patients with and without diabetes in Bangladesh.

Background And Aims: This study investigated the clinical manifestations, outcomes and long-term complications of COVID-19 inpatients in southern part of Bangladesh while emphasizing on individuals having diabetes.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a sample of COVID-19 inpatients across four different hospitals of Bangladesh between April 1and June 30, 2020. Variation in clinical characteristics, contact history, comorbidities, treatment patterns, and immediate post COVID complications were investigated.

Development and diapause induction of the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) at different photoperiods.

Diapause concerns the fascinating phenomenon in the biology of insect development which allows better understanding the local adaptation and phenotypic plasticity to seasonal variations in environment. There is lot of reasons to carry out the research on diapause both for fundamental and applied sciences. Photoperiod is one of the main environmental cues followed by insects to predict the forthcoming seasonal changes and to adapt these changes in their life-history traits.

Current Trends and Future Approaches in Small-Molecule Therapeutics for COVID-19.

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has created a global public health emergency. The pandemic is causing substantial morbidity, mortality and significant economic loss. Currently, no approved treatments for COVID-19 are available, and it is likely to takes at least 12-18 months to develop a new vaccine.

Exploring the genomic and proteomic variations of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein: A computational biology approach.

The newly identified SARS-CoV-2 has now been reported from around 185 countries with more than a million confirmed human cases including more than 120,000 deaths. The genomes of SARS-COV-2 strains isolated from different parts of the world are now available and the unique features of constituent genes and proteins need to be explored to understand the biology of the virus. Spike glycoprotein is one of the major targets to be explored because of its role during the entry of coronaviruses into host cells.