Insect immune resolution with EpOME/DiHOME and its dysregulation by their analogs leading to pathogen hypersensitivity.

Upon immune challenge, recognition signals trigger insect immunity to remove the pathogens through cellular and humoral responses. Various immune mediators propagate the immune signals to nearby tissues, in which polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) derivatives play crucial roles. However, little was known on how the insects terminate the activated immune responses after pathogen neutralization.

Manipulation of GameXPeptide synthetase gene expression by a promoter exchange alters the virulence of an entomopathogenic bacterium, , by modulating insect immune responses.

An entomopathogenic bacterium, subsp. , is mutualistic to its host nematode, . The infective juvenile nematodes enter target insects through natural openings and release the symbiotic bacteria into the insect hemocoel.

Immune responses of the Asian onion moth, Acrolepiopsis sapporensis, and their genetic factors from RNA-Seq analysis.

A nonmodel insect, Acrolepiopsis sapporensis, has been analyzed in immune responses. The total hemocytes in the fifth instar larvae were 2.33 × 10  cells/mL.

Identification of four secretory phospholipase As in a lepidopteran insect, , and their functional association with cellular immune responses.

Background: Eicosanoids are a group of the oxygenated C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids and play crucial roles in mediating various insect physiological processes. Catalytic activity of phospholipase A (PLA) provides an initial substrate, arachidonic acid (AA), for subsequent eicosanoid biosynthesis.

Results: This study identified four different secretory PLA (-) genes encoded in the Asian onion moth, .

Integrated Biological Control Using a Mixture of Two Entomopathogenic Bacteria, and , against and Other Congeners.

Insect immunity defends against the virulence of various entomopathogens, including (Bt). This study tested a hypothesis that any suppression of immune responses enhances Bt virulence. In a previous study, the entomopathogenic bacterium, (Xh), was shown to produce secondary metabolites to suppress insect immune responses.

Phurealipids, produced by the entomopathogenic bacteria, Photorhabdus, mimic juvenile hormone to suppress insect immunity and immature development.

Phurealipids (Photorhabdus urea lipids) are synthesized from Photorhabdus bacteria that are symbiotic to entomopathogenic nematodes. Their chemical structures are similar to that of juvenile hormone (JH) and have been suspected to mimic JH signaling in immunity and the development of insects. This study investigated the physiological roles of phurealipids with respect to their contribution to bacterial pathogenicity using four natural (HB13, HB69, HB416, and HB421) and one derivative (HB27) compound.

Repat33 Acts as a Downstream Component of Eicosanoid Signaling Pathway Mediating Immune Responses of , a Lepidopteran Insect.

Repat (=response to pathogen) is proposed for an immune-associated gene family from , a lepidopteran insect. In this gene family, 46 members (-) have been identified. They show marked variations in their inducible expression patterns in response to infections by different microbial pathogens.