Association of and Genetic Variants With Schizophrenia in the Bangladeshi Population: A Case-Control Study.

Background And Aims: Schizophrenia (SCZ) is among the most persistent and devastating psychological problems. Different genetic polymorphisms are responsible for the predisposition of SCZ, and we screened (rs2071287, rs204993) and (rs2070673) polymorphisms in this study to find the connection with SCZ development.

Methods: We investigated a total of 420 samples (210 patients and 210 controls) and used the PCR-RFLP technique to genotype all SNPs.

Oligoelectrolyte-mediated, pH-triggered release of hydrophobic drugs from non-responsive micelles: Influence of oligo(2-vinyl pyridine)-loading on drug-loading, release and cytotoxicity.

pH-responsive polymeric micelles have been extensively studied for nanomedicine and take advantage of pH differentials in tissues for the delivery of large doses of cytotoxic drugs at specific target sites. Despite significant advances in this area, there is a lack of versatile and adaptable strategies to render micelles pH-responsive that could be widely applied to different payloads and applications. To address this deficiency, we introduce the concept of oligoelectrolyte-mediated, pH-triggered release of hydrophobic drugs from non-responsive polymeric micelles as a highly effective approach with broad scope.

Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks: A Global Approach to Enhancing the Cytotoxicity of Drug-Loaded, Non-responsive Micelles Using Oligoelectrolytes.

Polymeric micelles have been extensively studied as vectors for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs for the treatment of cancers and other diseases. Despite intensive research, few formulations provide significant benefits, and even fewer have been clinically approved. While many traditional non-responsive micelles have excellent safety profiles, they lack the ability to respond to the intracellular environment and release their cargo in a spatiotemporally defined manner to effectively deliver large doses of cytotoxic drugs into the cytosol of cells that overwhelm efflux pumps.

Insights into the role of the conserved GTPase domain residues T62 and S277 in yeast Dnm1.

Mitochondrial division is a highly regulated process. The master regulator of this process is the multi-domain, conserved protein called Dnm1 in yeast. In this study, we systematically analyzed two residues, T62 and S277, reported to be putatively phosphorylated in the GTPase domain of the protein.

Differential processing of CRISPR RNA by LinCas5c and LinCas6 of Leptospira.

Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni's genome harbors two CRISPR-Cas systems belonging to subtypes I-B and I-C. However, in L. interrogans, the subtype I-C locus lacks an array component essential for assembling an interference complex.

Influence of Lyophilization and Cryoprotection on the Stability and Morphology of Drug-Loaded Poly(ethylene glycol--ε-caprolactone) Micelles.

Polymeric micelles are promising carriers for the delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs, providing enhanced drug solubility, blood circulation times, and bioavailability. Nevertheless, the storage and long-term stability of micelles in solution present challenges requiring the lyophilization and storage of formulations in the solid state, with reconstitution immediately prior to application. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of lyophilization/reconstitution on micelles, particularly their drug-loaded counterparts.

Functional PAM sequence for DNA interference by CRISPR-Cas I-B system of Leptospira interrogans and the role of LinCas11b encoded within lincas8b.

Pathogenic species of Leptospira are recalcitrant for genetic manipulation using conventional tools, and therefore there is a need to explore techniques of higher efficiency. Application of endogenous CRISPR-Cas tool is emerging and efficient; nevertheless, it is limited by a poor understanding of interference machinery in the bacterial genome and its associated protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). In this study, interference machinery of CRISPR-Cas subtype I-B (Lin_I-B) from L.

A survey on the incidence of common musculoskeletal side effects among the patients taking long-term anti-ulcerant therapies in Bangladesh.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H blockers are commonly prescribed medications to treat ulcers in the stomach and the upper part of the small intestine and prescribed for some other common gastrointestinal complications such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, esophagitis, irritable bowel syndrome, and dyspepsia. Previous studies claimed that, apart from other side effects, these anti-ulcerant therapies significantly altered bone mineral density by interfering with intestinal reabsorption of minerals and vitamin B12, and the most widely prescribed PPIs were significantly associated with increased risks of hip and spine fractures. However, the potential skeletal side effects of these antiulcerants are unknown in Bangladesh.

and gene polymorphisms are linked to autism spectrum disorder: a case-control study.

Objective: Although the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is increasing, appropriate diagnosis and prevention strategies are still lacking. This case-control study was designed to explore the association between ASD and the rs1867503 and rs9951150 polymorphisms of the and genes, respectively.

Methods: Ninety-six children with ASD and 118 healthy children were recruited and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was applied for genotyping.

A comparative evaluation of cardiac and neurological safety status of two commonly used oral hypoglycaemic agents in T2-DM Swiss albino mice model.

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM), along with its associated complications, including diabetic neuropathy and hyperlipidemia, has become a global concern in the last few decades. The main objective of our study is to evaluate the comparative neuro-safety status, serum plasma glucose, and lipid-lowering potential of two widely recognized antidiabetic drugs named metformin and glimepiride.

Methods: The neurological evaluation was done by open field test, hole board test, forced swimming test, dark and lighthouse test, and elevated plus maze test by employing diazepam as standard.

ErpY-like Lipoprotein of Outsmarts Host Complement Regulation by Acquiring Complement Regulators, Activating Alternative Pathways, and Intervening in the Membrane Attack Complex.

The survival of pathogenic in the host depends on its proficiency to circumvent the immune response. These pathogens evade the complement system in serum by enticing and amassing the serum complement regulators onto their surface. ErpY-like lipoprotein, a surface-exposed protein of spp.

Assembly of Cas7 subunits of Leptospira on the mature crRNA of CRISPR-Cas I-B is modulated by divalent ions.

The spirochete Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni harbors the genetic elements of the CRISPR-Cas type I-B system in its genome. CRISPR-Cas is a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) mediated adaptive immune system in most prokaryotes against mobile genetic elements (MGEs). To eliminate the intruding MGEs, CRISPR-Cas type I systems utilize a Cascade (CRISPR-associated complex for antiviral defense) complex composed of Cas5, Cas6, Cas7, and Cas8 bound with a crRNA.

Risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular complications in , and genetic polymorphisms carriers: A case-control study.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are two deadly diseases caused by the complex interaction of multiple genetic loci, lifestyle and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies described hundreds of susceptibility loci for T2DM and T2DM-related CVD, but it remains uncertain due to geographic and ethnic variations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the associations of rs5219, rs13266634 and rs1111875 polymorphisms with T2DM and related CVD.

The CRISPR-associated Cas4 protein from demonstrate versatile nuclease activity.

The Cas4 protein is one of the core CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins implicated in the adaptation module in many variants of the CRISPR-Cas system in prokaryotes against the invading genetic elements. Cas4 is recognized as a DNA exonuclease that contains a RecB nuclease domain and a Fe-S cluster-binding module. In serovar Copenhageni strain Fiocruz L1-130, the gene is functionally transcribed as an active component of the CRISPR-Cas I-B system.

Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors adversely affects minerals and vitamin metabolism, bone turnover, bone mass, and bone strength.

Notwithstanding, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are one of the most excellent options for different anti-secretory therapy in terms of improved symptomatic outcomes, numerous epidemiological and cohort studies provide evidence of an association between long-term proton PPIs use and increased fracture risk among users. The present attempt aimed to summarize the effect of long-term use of PPIs on musculoskeletal systems by considering the recent claims of different research groups to understand the risk of osteopenia and osteoporosis and to determine the risk factors associated with these complications. We extracted data from various systematic reviews and meta-analyses, cross-sectional studies, prospective studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, and and studies to observe the consequence of long-term PPIs uses over the patient's bone health.

Alterations of serum trace elements and other biochemical parameters are correlated with the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus: A preliminary study on Bangladeshi population.

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's defense system wrongly attacks healthy body tissues. The objective of this current setup was to quantify and compare the serum concentration of ascorbic acid (Vit-C), malondialdehyde (MDA), c-reactive protein (CRP) and trace elements (Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in SLE and normal subjects.

Methods: The proposed case-control study was performed with 25 SLE patients and 25 healthy subjects as case and control, respectively.

CNTNAP2 gene polymorphisms in autism spectrum disorder and language impairment among Bangladeshi children: a case-control study combined with a meta-analysis.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by communication deficits, impaired social interactions, repetitive and stereotyped behaviors with restricted interests, and connected with the interaction between environmental factors and genetic vulnerability. CNTNAP2 gene has been extensively investigated for ASD and related neurodevelopment diseases. However, previous studies have resulted in an inconsistent outcome.

Comparative lipid and uric acid suppressing properties of four common herbs in high fat-induced obese mice with their total phenolic and flavonoid index.

Our present study was designed to investigate the comparative anti-obesity efficacy of ethanolic extract of , , L. and in high fat-induced mice with their total phenolic and flavonoid profile. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu's and Aluminium chloride UV method respectively.

Acyldepsipeptide activated ClpP1P2 macromolecule of Leptospira, an ideal Achilles' heel to hamper the cell survival and deregulate ClpP proteolytic activity.

Antibiotic acyldepsipeptide (ADEP) targets the bacterial ClpP serine protease and can inhibit the growth of numerous bacterial species by activating/dysregulating the protease activity within the cell. The spirochete Leptospira interrogans harbors two ClpP isoforms (LepClpP1 and LepClpP2). Supplementation of ADEP in the Leptospira growth medium resulted in the inhibition of bacterial growth.

A clinical evaluation of the alterations in the level of serum zinc, copper, iron, and manganese in the ischemic heart disease patients of Bangladesh - A case-control study.

Background: Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of death globally. Countries vary in their rates, and changes have occurred over time. Nowadays, developing countries pose new public health challenges.

Association of DRD2 gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia in the young Bangladeshi population: A pilot study.

Purpose: DRD2 gene is considered one of the most important candidate genes for the schizophrenia (SCZ) development due to its role in dopamine signaling and no genetic association study has been conducted yet on the Bangladeshi SCZ patients. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association of DRD2 genetic polymorphisms (rs4648317, rs4936270, and rs7131056) with SCZ in the Bangladeshi population.

Patients And Methods: This case-control study consisted of 101 SCZ patients and 101 controls.

Evaluation of phytochemical and pharmacological properties of seeds of .

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the (analgesic, antidiarrheal, neurological, and cytotoxic) and (antioxidant, antimicrobial, thrombolytic and anthelmintic) activity of different fractions of methanolic extract of .

Materials And Methods: The antioxidant property was evaluated by DPPH radical scavenging assay, while antimicrobial activity was examined against three Gram (+) and one Gram (-) bacteria. Thrombolytic and anthelmintic activities were evaluated by using human blood serum and by recording paralysis and death time in earthworm, respectively.

Role of Supramolecule ErpY-Like Lipoprotein of in Thrombin-Catalyzed Fibrin Clot Inhibition and Binding to Complement Factors H and I, and Its Diagnostic Potential.

Leptospirosis is one of the most widespread zoonoses caused by pathogenic spp. In this study, we report that the LIC11966/ErpY-like lipoprotein is a surface-exposed outer membrane protein exclusively present in pathogenic species of The recombinant ErpY (rErpY)-like protein is recognized by the immunoglobulins of confirmed leptospirosis sera of diverse hosts (human, bovine, and canine), suggesting the expression of the native leptospiral surface protein during infection. Circular dichroism of pure rErpY-like protein showed the secondary structural integrity to be uncompromised during the purification process.

Insights to the Assembly of a Functionally Active Leptospiral ClpP1P2 Protease Complex along with Its ATPase Chaperone ClpX.

genome is predicted to encode multiple isoforms of caseinolytic proteases (ClpP1 and ClpP2). The ClpP proteins with the aid of its ATPase chaperone are known to be involved in establishing cellular proteostasis and have emerged as a target for developing new antibiotics. We report the molecular characterization of recombinant ClpP1 (rClpP1) and rClpP2 of along with its ATPase chaperone rClpX.

Increased concentration of serum MDA, decreased antioxidants and altered trace elements and macro-minerals are linked to obesity among Bangladeshi population.

Background And Objective: Obesity is an emerging public health concern in Bangladesh. This study aimed to find the levels of the serum malondialdehyde (MDA), non-enzymatic antioxidants (vitamin A, C and E), trace elements (zinc and iron) and macro-minerals (calcium, potassium and sodium) in obesity and its action in disease advancement.

Methods: Level of lipid peroxidation was estimated by measurement of the serum concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA).