Condom non-use among adolescents: Prevalence and associated factors among school-going adolescents from 58 countries.

Objectives: Studies in several resource-limited settings have investigated the prevalence and potential factors associated with condom non-use among adolescents, showing inconsistent and varied findings, owing to methodological inconsistencies. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of condom non-use among a global sample of adolescents and their differences based on sex and region.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the 2009-2018 Global School-based Health Survey data from 58 countries which included 183,100 adolescents aged 12-15 years.

Readmission destination following cardiac surgery and its association with mortality outcomes: a population-based retrospective study.

Background: It is unclear how pre-surgery transfer relates to readmission destination among patients undergoing cardiac surgery and whether readmission to a hospital other than the operating hospital is associated with increased mortality.

Methods: We analysed linked hospital and death records for residents of New South Wales, Australia, aged ≥18 years who had an emergency readmission within 30 days following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) or surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in 2003-2022. Mixed-effect multi-level modelling was used to evaluate associations of readmission destination with 30-day mortality, overall and stratified by pre-surgery transfer.

Non-index hospital re-admissions after hospitalisation with acute myocardial infarction and geographic remoteness, New South Wales, 2005-2020: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To examine the frequency of re-admissions to non-index hospitals (hospitals other than the initial discharging hospital) within 30 days of admission with acute myocardial infarction in New South Wales; to examine the relationship between non-index hospital re-admissions and 30-day mortality.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study; analysis of hospital admissions (Admitted Patient Data Collection) and mortality data (Registry of Births, Deaths and Marriages).

Setting, Participants: Adults admitted to NSW hospitals with acute myocardial infarction re-admitted to any hospital within 30 days of discharge from the initial hospitalisation, 1 January 2005 - 31 December 2020.

Factors associated with cardiac implantable electronic device-related infections, New South Wales, 2016-21: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To quantify the rate of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED)-related infections and to identify risk factors for such infections.

Design: Retrospective cohort study; analysis of linked hospital admissions and mortality data.

Setting, Participants: All adults who underwent CIED procedures in New South Wales between 1 January 2016 and 30 June 2021 (public hospitals) or 30 June 2020 (private hospitals).

Gender differences in the prevalence of anxiety and depression and care seeking for mental health problems in Nepal: Analysis of nationally representative survey data.

Background: Assessing gender disparity in mental health is crucial for targeted interventions. This study aims to quantify gender disparities in mental health burdens, specifically anxiety and depression, and related care-seeking behaviors across various sociodemographic factors in Nepal, highlighting the importance of gender-specific mental health interventions.

Methods: Data from the 2022 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey was utilized, employing the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scales for anxiety and depression symptoms, respectively.

Associations of Parents-Adolescent Relationship with Adolescent Sexual Risk Behaviors: A Global Analysis Based on 156,649 School-Going Adolescents from 50 Countries.

Our study, examining the Global School-Based Student Health Survey data from 50 countries across four WHO regions, found boys have higher sexual exposure (33.5 vs 17.7%) and risk behaviors - early sexual initiation (55.

Incidence and Predictors of Readmissions to Non-Index Hospitals After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation in the Contemporary Era in New South Wales, Australia.

Background: In Australia, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is only performed in a limited number of specialised metropolitan centres, many of which are private hospitals, making it likely that TAVI patients who require readmission will present to another (non-index) hospital. It is important to understand the impact of non-index readmission on patient outcomes and healthcare resource utilisation.

Method: We analysed linked hospital and death records for residents of New South Wales, Australia, aged ≥18 years, who had an emergency readmission within 90 days following a TAVI procedure in 2013-2022.

Six-minute walk test distance at time of hospital discharge is strongly and independently associated with all-cause mortality following cardiac surgery.

We investigated the impact of distance covered in the six-minute walk test (6mWT) before being discharged from the hospital after cardiac surgery on the risk of all-cause mortality. Our study included 1127 patients who underwent cardiac surgery and then took part in a standardised physiotherapist-supervised inpatient rehabilitation programme during 2007-2017. The percentage of the predicted 6mWT distance, and the lower limit of normal distance was calculated based on individual patients' age, sex, and body mass index.

Readmission to a non-index hospital following total joint replacement.

Aims: It is unclear whether mortality outcomes differ for patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery who are readmitted to the index hospital where their surgery was performed, or to another hospital.

Methods: We analyzed linked hospital and death records for residents of New South Wales, Australia, aged ≥ 18 years who had an emergency readmission within 90 days following THA or TKA surgery between 2003 and 2022. Multivariable modelling was used to identify factors associated with non-index readmission and to evaluate associations of readmission destination (non-index vs index) with 90-day and one-year mortality.

In-hospital outcomes by insurance type among patients undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions for acute myocardial infarction in New South Wales public hospitals.

Background: International evidence suggests patients receiving cardiac interventions experience differential outcomes by their insurance status. We investigated outcomes of in-hospital care according to insurance status among patients admitted in public hospitals with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods: We conducted a cohort study within the Australian universal health care system with supplemental private insurance.

Real-world evidence on the association between cardiac implantable electronic device infection and all-cause mortality.

Aims: An infection following cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) procedure is a serious complication, but its association with all-cause mortality is inconsistent across observational studies. To quantify the association between CIED infection and all-cause mortality in a large, contemporary cohort from New South Wales, Australia.

Methods And Results: This retrospective cohort study used linked hospital and mortality data and included all patients aged >18 years who underwent a CIED procedure between July 2017 and September 2022.

Mobile phone use for pregnancy-related healthcare utilization and its association with optimum antenatal care and hospital delivery in Bangladesh.

Pregnancy-related healthcare utilization is inadequate in Bangladesh, where more than half of pregnant women do not receive optimum number of antenatal care (ANC) visits or do not deliver child in hospitals. Mobile phone use could improve such healthcare utilization; however, limited evidence exists in Bangladesh. We investigated the pattern, trends, and factors associated with mobile phone use for pregnancy-related healthcare and how this can impact at least 4 ANC visits and hospital delivery in the country.

Trends and Outcomes for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention and Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery in New South Wales from 2008 to 2019.

Risk profiles are changing for patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). In Australia, little is known of the nature of these changes in contemporary practice and of the impact on patient outcomes. We identified all CABG (n = 40,805) and PCI (n = 142,399) procedures in patients aged ≥18 years in New South Wales, Australia, during 2008 to 2019.

Ethnic discrimination and psychological stress among Hispanic emerging adults: Examining the moderating effects of distress tolerance and optimism.

Hispanic emerging adults are often exposed to ethnic discrimination, yet little is known about coping resources that may mitigate the effects of ethnic discrimination on psychological stress in this rapidly growing population. As such, this study aims to examine (1) the associations of ethnic discrimination, distress tolerance, and optimism with psychological stress and (2) the moderating effects of distress tolerance and optimism on the association between ethnic discrimination and psychological stress. Data were drawn from a cross-sectional study of 200 Hispanic adults ages 18-25, recruited from two urban counties in Arizona and Florida.

Psychological distress and unhealthy dietary behaviours among adolescents aged 12-15 years in nine South-East Asian countries: a secondary analysis of the Global School-Based Health Survey data.

It is unclear whether there is any association between psychological distress and unhealthy dietary habits among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of these factors in South-East Asia region and investigate their associations. We used data from the Global School-based Health Survey for nine South-East Asian countries.

Patient and hospital factors associated with 30-day readmissions after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Readmission after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is associated with adverse outcomes and significant healthcare costs, and 30-day readmission rate is considered as a key indicator of the quality of care. This study aims to: quantify rates of readmission within 30 days of CABG surgery; explore the causes of readmissions; and investigate how patient- and hospital-level factors influence readmission.

Methods: We conducted systematic searches (until June 2020) of PubMed and Embase databases to retrieve observational studies that investigated readmission after CABG.

Impact of COVID-19 on hospital admission of acute stroke patients in Bangladesh.

Background: With the proposed pathophysiologic mechanism of neurologic injury by SARS CoV-2, the frequency of stroke and henceforth the related hospital admissions were expected to rise. This paper investigated this presumption by comparing the frequency of admissions of stroke cases in Bangladesh before and during the pandemic.

Methods: This is a retrospective analysis of stroke admissions in a 100-bed stroke unit at the National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital (NINS&H) which is considerably a large stroke unit.

Dynamic interventions to control COVID-19 pandemic: a multivariate prediction modelling study comparing 16 worldwide countries.

To date, non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) have been the mainstay for controlling the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While NPIs are effective in preventing health systems overload, these long-term measures are likely to have significant adverse economic consequences. Therefore, many countries are currently considering to lift the NPIs-increasing the likelihood of disease resurgence.

Double burden of malnutrition in children aged 24 to 59 months by socioeconomic status in five South Asian countries: evidence from demographic and health surveys.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate the socioeconomic inequalities in the burden of underweight and overweight among children in South Asia. We also examined other factors that were associated with these outcomes independently of household's socioeconomic status.

Design: Nationally-representative surveys.

Association between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in south Asian population: evidence from nationally-representative surveys.

Background: Although there has been a well-established association between overweight-obesity and hypertension, whether such associations are heterogeneous for South Asian populations, or for different socioeconomic groups is not well-known. We explored the associations of overweight and obesity using South Asian cut-offs with hypertension, and also examined the relationships between body mass index (BMI) and hypertension in various socioeconomic subgroups.

Methods: We analysed the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from Bangladesh, India, and Nepal, with a total of 821,040 men and women.

Trends in the prevalence of overweight among Bangladeshi children aged 24-59 months (2004-2014) by sex and socioeconomic status.

Background: While recent evidence suggests that the overall prevalence of overweight in young children in Bangladesh is low, little is known about variation in trends by sex, socioeconomic status, urbanicity, and region. We investigated the trends in overweight among children aged 24-59 months by these factors, using nationally representative samples from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS) between 2004 and 2014.

Methods: Data from four BDHS surveys conducted between 2004 and 2014, with valid height and weight measurements of children, were included in this study (n = 15,648).