Synergistic Effects of Vermicompost and Biochar Amendments on Soil Fertility and Wheat Productivity in Bangladesh Floodplain Soils.

Biochar is gaining importance due to its potential to enhance soil health, crop yield, and quality. It may also promote more sustainable farming methods. This study evaluated the combined effects of biochar, vermicompost, and inorganic fertilizers on soil characteristics, growth, and yield in wheat.

Effect of Reproductive Stage-Waterlogging on the Growth and Yield of Upland Cotton ().

The reproductive stage of cotton ( sp.) is highly sensitive to waterlogging. The identification of potential elite upland cotton () cultivar(s) having higher waterlogging tolerance is crucial to expanding cotton cultivation in the low-lying areas.

Exploring relationship among nitrogen fertilizer, yield and nitrogen use efficiency in modern wheat varieties under subtropical condition.

Due to variations in the length of crop growth and the dynamics of soil nitrogen, the nitrogen (N) requirements of different wheat varieties may change. In this relation, during two successive wheat-growing seasons in 2018 and 2019, pot experiments were conducted to assess relationship among N fertilizer, yield and efficiency of N use in contemporary wheat varieties. Ten varieties of wheat viz.

Optimum Nitrogen Application Acclimatizes Root Morpho-Physiological Traits and Yield Potential in Rice under Subtropical Conditions.

Nitrogen (N) is a highly essential macronutrient for plant root growth and grain yield (GY). To assess the relationship among N, root traits, and the yield of (dry season irrigated) rice, a pot experiment was performed in the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, during the rice season of 2020-2021. Three rice varieties, namely BRRI dhan29, Hira-2, and Binadhan-10, were planted at four N doses: 0 kg ha (N), 70 kg ha (N), 140 kg ha (N), and 210 kg ha (N).

Dissecting the Relationship between Root Morphological Traits and Yield Attributes in Diverse Rice Cultivars under Subtropical Condition.

Understanding the link between root morphological traits and yields is crucial for improving crop management. To evaluate this link, a pot experiment was conducted in the net house of the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the (dry season irrigated) rice growing season of 2019-20. Thirteen cultivars, named BRRI dhan29, BRRI dhan58, BRRI dhan67, BRRI dhan74, BRRI dhan81, Binadhan-8, Binadhan-10, Hira-2, Tej gold, SL8H, Jagliboro, Rata boro, and Lakhai, were used following a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications.

Assessing Silicon-Mediated Growth Performances in Contrasting Rice Cultivars under Salt Stress.

Silicon (Si) application has great potential to improve salt tolerance in a variety of crop plants. However, it is unclear how Si influences the responses of contrasting rice cultivars when exposed to excessive salt. Here, we investigated the functions of Si in alleviating the negative effects of salt stress on two contrasting rice cultivars, namely BRRI dhan48 (salt-sensitive) and Binadhan-10 (salt-tolerant).

Optimization of aqueous-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from pumpkin ( Duch) and their biological activities.

The pumpkin pulp contains a greater composition of edible polysaccharides and has reported with excellent biological applications. This research pertains to optimize the extraction of polysaccharides from the fleshy portion of the pumpkin using aqueous assisted extraction (AAE). The result showed that the optimal extraction condition of pumpkin polysaccharide was as follows: extraction temperature at 55 °C, pH 4.

Methyl Jasmonate- and Light-Induced Glucosinolate and Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Radish Seedlings.

Radish sprouts and young seedlings are considered important dietary vegetables in Asian countries. In this study, we investigated the levels of glucosinolate and anthocyanin accumulation in radish seedlings in response to light and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatments. MeJA facilitated the accumulation of glucosinolate and anthocyanins under light conditions.

Enhanced triterpene accumulation in Panax ginseng hairy roots overexpressing mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase.

To elucidate the function of mevalonate-5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase (MVD) and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPS) in triterpene biosynthesis, the genes governing the expression of these enzymes were transformed into Panax ginseng hairy roots. All the transgenic lines showed higher expression levels of PgMVD and PgFPS than that by the wild-type control. Among the hairy root lines transformed with PgMVD, M18 showed the highest level of transcription compared to the control (14.

Enhancement of anti-inflammatory activity of Aloe vera adventitious root extracts through the alteration of primary and secondary metabolites via salicylic acid elicitation.

Aloe vera (Asphodeloideae) is a medicinal plant in which useful secondary metabolites are plentiful. Among the representative secondary metabolites of Aloe vera are the anthraquinones including aloe emodin and chrysophanol, which are tricyclic aromatic quinones synthesized via a plant-specific type III polyketide biosynthesis pathway. However, it is not yet clear which cellular responses can induce the pathway, leading to production of tricyclic aromatic quinones.

Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding calcium/calmodulin-dependent glutamate decarboxylase from Scutellaria baicalensis.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), synthesized by glutamate decarboxylase (GAD), plays an important role in plants. To study the molecular mechanism of GAD regulation and to examine the levels of GABA in Scutellaria baicalensis, we isolated cDNA clones (SbGAD1 and 2) encoding GAD from S. baicalensis.

Neuroprotective effects of Lycium chinense Miller against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.

Rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I, has been widely regarded as a neurotoxin because it induces a Parkinson's disease-like syndrome. The fruit and root bark of Lycium chinense Miller have been used as traditional medicines in Asia to treat neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we examined the neuroprotective effects of Lycium chinense Miller extracts in rotenone-treated PC12 cells.

Comparative analysis of flavonoids and polar metabolites from hairy roots of Scutellaria baicalensis and Scutellaria lateriflora.

Baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin were accumulated in hairy roots derived from Scutellaria lateriflora and Scutellaria baicalensis. The levels of baicalein and baicalin were 6.8 and 5.

Influence of light on the free amino acid content and γ-aminobutyric acid synthesis in Brassica juncea seedlings.

Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD; EC 4.1.1.

Metabolomic analysis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in hairy root culture of tartary buckwheat cultivars.

Buckwheat, Fagopyrum tataricum Gaertn., is an important medicinal plant, which contains several phenolic compounds, including one of the highest content of rutin, a phenolic compound with anti-inflammatory properties. An experiment was conducted to investigate the level of expression of various genes in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway to analyze in vitro production of anthocyanin and phenolic compounds from hairy root cultures derived from 2 cultivars of tartary buckwheat (Hokkai T8 and T10).

Herbicidal activity of formulated sorgoleone, a natural product of sorghum root exudate.

Background: The allelochemical sorgoleone, a major component of the hydrophobic root exudates of Sorghum bicolor, was formulated as a wettable powder [4.6 WP] and evaluated as a natural herbicide on several weed and crop species under different growth conditions.

Results: Formulated sorgoleone [4.

Metabolomics analysis and biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid in Agastache rugosa Kuntze treated with methyl jasmonate.

This study investigated the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on metabolic profiles and rosmarinic acid (RA) biosynthesis in cell cultures of Agastache rugosa Kuntze. Transcript levels of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes, i.e.

Effects of jasmonates on sorgoleone accumulation and expression of genes for sorgoleone biosynthesis in sorghum roots.

This study investigated the roles of jasmonates in the regulation of sorgoleone accumulation and the expression of genes involved in sorgoleone biosynthesis in sorghum roots. Both methyl jasmonate (MeJa) and jasmonic acid (JA) substantially promoted root hair formation, secondary root development, root weight, and sorgoleone accumulation in sorghum roots. Sorgoleone content varied widely depending on the concentration of JA or MeJa and the duration of their application.

Betaine protects against rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells.

Rotenone is an inhibitor of mitochondrial complex I-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and has been widely studied to elucidate the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of betaine on rotenone-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells. Betaine inhibited rotenone-induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, with cell viability increasing from 50 % with rotenone treatment alone to 71 % with rotenone plus 100-μM betaine treatment.

Protection from antimycin A-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by Nelumbo nucifera seed extracts.

Antimycin A (AMA) damages the mitochondria through inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport. In this study, exposure of L6 rat skeletal muscle cells to AMA induced a decrease in ATP content, followed by a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to apoptosis. We evaluated the protective effects of water and ethanol extracts of Nelumbo nucifera seeds on L6 cells with AMA-induced oxidative stress.

Glucosinolate biosynthesis in hairy root cultures of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica).

Here we present previously unreported glucosinolate production by hairy root cultures of broccoli (B. oleracea var. italica).

Scutellaria baicalensis Extracts and Flavonoids Protect Rat L6 Cells from Antimycin A-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Antimycin A (AMA) damages mitochondria by inhibiting mitochondrial electron transport and can produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS formation, aging, and reduction of mitochondrial biogenesis contribute to mitochondrial dysfunction. The present study sought to investigate extracts of Scutellaria baicalensis and its flavonoids (baicalin, baicalein, and wogonin), whether they could protect mitochondria against oxidative damage.

Metabolic profiling of glucosinolates, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and other secondary metabolites in kohlrabi (Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes).

We profiled and quantified glucosinolates, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and other secondary metabolites in the skin and flesh of pale green and purple kohlrabis. Analysis of these distinct kohlrabis revealed the presence of 8 glucosinolates, 12 anthocyanins, 2 carotenoids, and 7 phenylpropanoids. Glucosinolate contents varied among the different parts and types of kohlrabi.

Effects of auxins on sorgoleone accumulation and genes for sorgoleone biosynthesis in sorghum roots.

Sorgoleone is a major component of the hydrophobic root exudate of Sorghum bicolor and is of particular interest to plant chemical ecology as well as agriculture. Sorgoleone was evaluated in this study to observe the expression levels of genes involved in its biosynthesis in response to auxins. Sorgoleone content varied widely according to the duration of application and the concentrations of the auxins.

Enhancing sorgoleone levels in grain sorghum root exudates.

Sorgoleone, found in the root exudates of sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], has been a subject of continued research. Sorgoleone production in grain sorghum roots was investigated under different growth conditions.