Publications by authors named "Md Redowan Rashid"

Objective: We sought to develop a machine learning (ML) preoperative model to predict bile leak following hepatectomy for primary and secondary liver cancer.

Methods: An eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) model was developed to predict post-hepatectomy bile leak using data from the ACS-NSQIP database. The model was externally validated using data from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) multi-institutional databases.

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Different additives have been used to improve the duration and quality of analgesia of the local anaesthetic used in the single-dose caudal block technique, such as opioids, epinephrine, clonidine, neostigmine, etc. Dexmedetomidine is a potent and a highly selective α2-adrenergic agonist having a sympatholytic, sedative, and analgesic effect and has been described as a safe and effective additive in many anaesthetic and analgesic techniques. Another agent is Fentanyl, a lipophilic opioid, is added frequently to local anaesthetics which least likely to cause respiratory depression when given extradurally, because of its high lipid solubility.

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Background: The 313-variant polygenic risk score (PRS) provides a promising tool for clinical breast cancer risk prediction. However, evaluation of the PRS across different European populations which could influence risk estimation has not been performed.

Methods: We explored the distribution of PRS across European populations using genotype data from 94,072 females without breast cancer diagnosis, of European-ancestry from 21 countries participating in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) and 223,316 females without breast cancer diagnosis from the UK Biobank.

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Background And Objective: Ampullary carcinoma (AMPAC) taxonomy is based on morphology and immunohistochemistry. This classification lacks prognostic reliability and unique genetic associations. We applied an approach of integrative genomics characterising patients with AMPAC exploring molecular subtypes that may guide personalised treatments.

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Impairment of DNA mismatch repair function in neoplasms can be assessed by DNA-based methods to assess for high microsatellite instability (MSI-High) or immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis to assess for deficiency of mismatch repair proteins (dMMR). Neoplasms with mismatch repair deficiency often have high tumor mutational burden (TMB-High). MSI-High, dMMR, and TMB-High are all histology agnostic biomarkers for potential therapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI).

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Phosphopentomutases catalyze the isomerization of ribose 1-phosphate and ribose 5-phosphate. , a hyperthermophilic archaeon, harbors a novel enzyme (PPM) that exhibits high homology with phosphohexomutases but has no significant phosphohexomutase activity. Instead, PPM catalyzes the interconversion of ribose 1-phosphate and ribose 5-phosphate.

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Purpose: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common diagnosis in the ophthalmic genetics clinic. Women with RP are often diagnosed during their reproductive years, posing significant challenges for family planning. The effects of pregnancy on RP progression is a frequently unanswered concern for these patients.

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Article Synopsis
  • The study examines the rising rates of early onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC) among African American patients, highlighting significant differences between EOCRC (<45 years) and late-onset colorectal cancer (LOCRC) (>45 years) in terms of demographics and clinical presentation.
  • It found that EOCRC cases increased from just over 6% to over 13% of total CRC cases since 2010, with a higher family history of CRC and different symptom profiles, such as more abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits.
  • The study also noted that EOCRC patients had a higher rate of metastasis at diagnosis and took longer to undergo surgery compared to LOCRC patients.
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Background: Despite advances made in targeted biomarker-based therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treatment, remission is often short and followed by relapse and acquired resistance. Functional precision medicine (FPM) efforts have been shown to improve therapy selection guidance by incorporating comprehensive biological data to tailor individual treatment. However, effectively managing complex biological data, while also ensuring rapid conversion of actionable insights into clinical utility remains challenging.

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  • The increased use of imaging techniques has led to more frequent detection of incidental findings in the kidneys and adrenal glands, often referred to as incidentalomas, which are commonly encountered by general practitioners.* -
  • This review provides guidelines for managing these renal and adrenal masses, highlighting that renal lesions are seen in about 14% of CT scans and should be assessed using the Bosniak classification for cystic lesions.* -
  • For renal cell carcinomas larger than 4 cm or showing symptoms, active treatment is recommended, while adrenal lesions require functional testing, with specific screening tests indicated based on clinical signs such as hypertension.*
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Introduction: With the advancement of surgical technology, the opportunity to integrate novel surgical preparation is imperative to improve patient outcomes and enhance safety.

Methods: Patient specific perfused kidney phantoms including the tumor, parenchyma, artery, vein, and calyx were fabricated using 3D-printing and hydrogel injection molding from scans of 25 patients scheduled for robotic partial-nephrectomy (RAPN). Models are validated for anatomical accuracy, mechanical, functional properties and surrounded by the other models of relevant anatomy in a body cast for a simulated surgical rehearsal.

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  • This study focused on the effectiveness of perioperative immunotherapy in early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, specifically looking at tissue and imaging biomarkers during a phase II clinical trial.
  • Nineteen patients receiving either neoadjuvant nivolumab combined with ipilimumab or nivolumab alone showed that major pathologic response (MPR) was linked to larger tumors initially, but a significant reduction in size post-treatment and increased immune activity markers like CD8 and granzyme B.
  • The findings suggest that changes in tumor size and immune cell dynamics could serve as potential predictors for how well patients respond to neoadjuvant immunotherapy in treating resectable HCC.*
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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with relapsing and remitting course. Recurrent abdominal pain and discomfort in association with abnormal defecation in the absence of structural abnormality of the gut is the key feature of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Faecal biomarker may be used a precise tool in the differentiation of IBD and IBS.

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  • Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant health issue in Bangladesh and globally, with secondary brain injuries being the main contributor to high rates of morbidity and mortality.
  • A study was conducted at Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, comparing the effects of the antifibrinolytic agent tranexamic acid (TXA) versus a placebo on patients with TBI, with results showing significantly less hematoma expansion in those receiving TXA.
  • The findings indicated that patients treated with TXA had better clinical outcomes, requiring fewer surgeries and showing improved scores on the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) and Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) compared to those who received the placebo.
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  • Altered mental status is a symptom rather than a disease, signaling various potential diagnoses, particularly when it appears with fever.
  • A structured assessment can effectively diagnose underlying causes and differentiate between structural and medical issues based on neurological findings.
  • A study conducted in Bangladesh found that among 100 patients with febrile illness and altered consciousness, common causes included pneumonia (26%), urinary tract infections (22%), and meningitis (18%).
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  • Clinical genetic testing helps find cancer risks by identifying gene changes, but some of these changes are confusing because we don't know what they mean (called VUS).
  • Researchers studied a huge number of breast cancer patients and healthy people to understand these confusing gene changes better.
  • They found that their method of analyzing data closely matches what other experts say about which gene changes are harmless or harmful, giving more information about 785 unclear changes.
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  • Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can help doctors detect and treat liver cancer called hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) without having to do surgery or other invasive tests.!
  • A study looked at ctDNA from 44 HCC patients to see if it could predict how long they would live and how well they would respond to a treatment called nivolumab.!
  • The results showed that certain mutations in ctDNA were linked to shorter or longer survival times, suggesting ctDNA testing could help doctors make better treatment decisions for HCC patients in the future.!
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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a brain illness that causes gradual memory loss. AD has no treatment and cannot be cured, so early detection is critical. Various AD diagnosis approaches are used in this regard, but Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides the most helpful neuroimaging tool for detecting AD.

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Objective: Balloon catheters have shown promising results in the induction of labor (IOL); however, evidence regarding the optimal time of balloon catheter placement is still lacking. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 6-hour placement compared to 12 hours.

Data Source: We conducted a comprehensive search through a search strategy across "Embase, SCOPUS, PubMed (via MEDLINE), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)" from inception until April 20, 2024.

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Purpose: We sought to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based model to predict early recurrence (ER) after curative-intent resection of neuroendocrine liver metastases (NELMs).

Methods: Patients with NELM who underwent resection were identified from a multi-institutional database. ER was defined as recurrence within 12 months of surgery.

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The Hsp90 chaperone is an ATPase enzyme composed of two copies of a three-domain subunit. Hsp90 stabilizes and activates a diverse array of regulatory proteins. Substrates are bound and released by the middle domain through a clamping cycle involving conformational transitions between a dynamic open state and a compact conformationally restricted closed state.

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Betaine supplementation in dairy cattle has gained attention due to its potential benefits to production and health as a methyl donor, which can play a crucial role in the metabolism of dairy cows. The objective of the current meta-analysis was to quantify the effects of betaine supplementation on milk production, composition, β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA). A systematic literature search was carried out, all relevant studies were retrieved, and the meta-analysis was carried out.

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  • * Analysis of data from over 55,000 breast cancer patients showed that co-observation of variants in BRCA1, BRCA2, and PALB2 with other breast cancer genes occurred less frequently than expected, suggesting a potential correlation with pathogenicity.
  • * The findings indicate that identifying a variant of uncertain significance alongside a known pathogenic variant supports evidence against the variant's pathogenicity, which could improve variant classification in clinical settings and for other genetic conditions.
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Objective: Despite the historical neurological use of Withania somnifera, limited evidence supports its efficacy for conditions like anxiety and insomnia. Given its known anti-stress properties, this review evaluated its safety and efficacy for anxiety and insomnia.

Methods: We searched Medline, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar until August 2023 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing W.

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