Enhanced ePAD-DNA biosensor incorporating ZnO-NRs: Rapid and reliable electrochemical detection of field-isolated Pasteurella multocida.

An electrochemical sensor has received much attention due to its importance for early infection identification, hinting at its critical relevance in diagnostic applications. For the detection of field-isolated strains of Pasteurella multocida, this paper reports the development and fabrication of a DNA-based electrochemical biosensor by integrating zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods (NRs) into an electrochemical paper-based analytical device (ePAD). One significant improvement over the state-of-the-art features of the sensor is the using paper, an economically viable substrate that can be manufactured in large numbers.

Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase iNOS-954-G>C and Ex16+14-C>T Gene Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Vitiligo in the Saudi Population.

Objective: Vitiligo is an acquired pigmentary skin disorder with regional disappearance of melanocytes. Multigenic inheritance has been proposed in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. The present study aimed to investigate the possible association of inducible nitric oxide synthase polymorphisms iNOS-954-G/C (rs1800482 G>C) and iNOS-Ex16+14-C/T (rs2297518 C>T) with vitiligo in the Saudi population, if any.

A novel knowledge-derived data potentizing method revealed unique liver cancer-associated genetic variants.

Background: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been advancing the progress of detection of disease-associated genetic variants and genome-wide profiling of expressed sequences over the past decade. NGS enables the analyses of multiple regions of a genome in a single reaction format and has been shown to be a cost-effective and efficient tool for root-cause analysis of disease and optimization of treatment. NGS has been leading global efforts to device personalized and precision medicine (PM) in clinical practice.

The SPARC-related modular calcium binding protein 2 () gene polymorphism in primary glaucoma: a case-control study.

Primary glaucomas are among the most common eye diseases that may potentially result in bilateral blindness. Both genetics and environmental factors are reported to be involved in the etiology of primary glaucomas. Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC)-related modular calcium binding protein 2 (SMOC2) is a matricellular glycoprotein encoded by the gene and known to regulate the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which play an important role in the pathogenesis of primary glaucomas.

Association of organochlorine pesticides with the mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha () & cyclooxygenase-2 () genes in idiopathic preterm birth.

Background & Objectives: Preterm birth (PTB) is an important cause of prenatal death, neonatal morbidity and mortality and adult illness. Increased inflammation occurs in normal parturition, and inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress are found to be higher in PTB cases. The present study was planned to investigate the association of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with mRNA expression of inflammatory pathway genes such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in preterm delivery (PTD) cases.

Association of glutathione S-transferase and deletion polymorphisms with obesity and their relationship with body mass index, lipoprotein and hypertension among young age Saudis.

Objectives: Persistent oxidative stress is one of the several risk factors that may be associated with the etiology of obesity. The present study is aimed to investigate association between and polymorphisms with obesity and their relationship with plasma lipoproteins, body mass index (BMI) and hypertension.

Design: The and deletion polymorphisms were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.

Genetic Association of HLA-A*26, -A*31, and -B*51 with Behcet's Disease in Saudi Patients.

Background: HLA-B*51 has been universally associated with Behcet's disease (BD) susceptibility, while different alleles of HLA-A have also been identified as independent BD susceptibility loci in various ethnic populations. The objective of this study was to investigate associations of HLA-A and -B alleles with BD in Saudi patients.

Materials And Methods: Genotyping for HLA-A and HLA-B was performed using HLA genotyping kit (Lab type((R)) SSO) in 120 Saudi subjects, including 60 BD patients and 60 matched healthy controls.

Organochlorine pesticide levels in maternal blood and placental tissue with reference to preterm birth: a recent trend in North Indian population.

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been widely used in public health and agriculture programs in developed as well as developing countries, including India. Being xenoestrogenic in nature, OCPs may act as endocrine disruptors leading to preterm birth (PTB) through disturbance of normal estrogen-progesterone ratio. PTB is the leading cause of neonatal deaths worldwide.

Inflammatory-mediated pathway in association with organochlorine pesticides levels in the etiology of idiopathic preterm birth.

Elevated inflammation is a known risk factor in the pathogenesis of PTB. Despite intensive research, the etiology of idiopathic PTB is still unknown. The present study was designed to explore associations of blood concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) with inflammatory/antioxidant gene expression, and cytokines and prostaglandin levels in PTB cases.

Transcriptome profiling shows gene regulation patterns in a flavonoid pathway in response to exogenous phenylalanine in Boesenbergia rotunda cell culture.

Background: Panduratin A extracted from Boesenbergia rotunda is a flavonoid reported to possess a range of medicinal indications which include anti-dengue, anti-HIV, anti-cancer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Boesenbergia rotunda is a plant from the Zingiberaceae family commonly used as a food ingredient and traditional medicine in Southeast Asia and China. Reports on the health benefits of secondary metabolites extracted from Boesenbergia rotunda over the last few years has resulted in rising demands for panduratin A.

CYP17A1 gene polymorphisms and environmental exposure to organochlorine pesticides contribute to the risk of small for gestational age.

Objectives: The cytochrome P-450c17α enzyme encoded by the cytochrome P-450c17α (CYP17A1) gene plays a role in oestrogen synthesis. Genetic variation in the maternal CYP17A1 gene leads to differences in oestrogen level that affect fetal growth and cause small for gestational age (SGA). Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are endocrine disruptors that alter the normal oestrogen-progesterone balance, and are associated with adverse reproductive outcomes.

Gene environment interaction in preterm delivery with special reference to organochlorine pesticide: a case control study.

Objectives: To assess the Gene-Environmental interaction between maternal organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) level and CYP17 gene polymorphism with the risk of preterm delivery (PTD).

Materials And Methods: Maternal blood samples of hundred cases (n = 100) of PTD and of equal number of healthy controls were collected at the time of delivery. OCPs levels were estimated by Gas chromatography system equipped with electron capture detector and PCR-RFLP was used for polymorphic analysis of CYP17 gene.

Increased level of organochlorine pesticides in chronic kidney disease patients of unknown etiology: role of GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphism.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) of unknown etiology represents about 16% of CKD patients in Indian subcontinents and 10% worldwide. The aetiology of CKD of unknown etiology remains unclear though epidemiological studies indicate the involvement of the environmental toxins. Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have been detected in general population in India.

Organochlorine pesticide levels and risk of Parkinson's disease in north Indian population.

The cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains elusive, but environmental chemical exposures have been postulated to be involved in the etiology of PD. We examined the association between the persistent organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and PD in the North Indian population. This case control study included 70 PD and 75 control subjects in the age group of 50 to 85 years.

Genetic polymorphisms in Cytochrome P 4501B1 and susceptibility to idiopathic preterm labor in North Indian population.

Objective: The etiology of preterm labor (PTL) is still unknown, but it may be related to a possible genetic predisposition together with involvement of environmental factors. We investigated the relation between PTL and polymorphisms in Cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) gene, which is involved in the metabolism of a wide range of environmental toxins and hormones.

Design And Methods: Three hundred (n=300) cases of PTL and equal number of subjects of full term labor (FTL), after excluding all the known risk factors for PTL were included in the study.

Salivary progesterone as a biochemical marker to predict early preterm birth in asymptomatic high-risk women.

Objective: To evaluate salivary progesterone as a predictor of early preterm birth (PTB) and compare it with transvaginal sonographic (TVS) cervical length in asymptomatic high-risk women.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Biochemistry at UCMS & GTBH, Delhi, India.

Therapeutic effect of yoga in patients with hypertension with reference to GST gene polymorphism.

Background: Hypertension, a chronic medical condition of increased blood pressure, is a serious public health problem. Environmental and genetic risk factors are known to predispose to hypertension. The present study was designed to investigate the association of glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphism with oxidative stress in hypertensive patients and the possible beneficial effect of yoga on them.

Gene-environment interaction in preterm delivery with special reference to organochlorine pesticides.

We investigated the association between glutathione S-transferases mu1 (GSTM1), theta 1 (GSTT1), Cytochrome P450IA1-T6235C (rs4646903, CYP1A1m1) and CYP1A1-1462V (rs1048943, CYP1A1m2) gene polymorphisms, and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) level with risk of preterm delivery (PTD). Maternal and cord blood samples of PTD (n = 156) cases and subjects of full-term delivery (FTD, n = 151) were collected at the time of delivery/after delivery. Women occupationally exposed to OCPs and other high-risk factors such as anemia, hypertension and dietary habit were excluded.

Gene-environment interaction in Alzheimer's disease.

Objectives: The aim was to examine the gene environment (GxE) interaction with reference to APO E genotypes, serum lipids and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) as one of the factors in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: A case control study was used to examine, APOE HhaI polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/PCRrestriction fragment length polymorphism method, serum lipids by autoanalyser and OCPs by gas chromatography (GC).

Results: APOE ∈4 allele frequency was significantly high (p=0.

Organochlorine pesticide levels and risk of Alzheimer's disease in north Indian population.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) could result from a multifactorial process involving both genetic predisposition and exposure to environmental factors like pesticides. A case control study of 70 patients of AD and 75 controls was done to examine the association between organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and risk of AD. OCPs (hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), aldrin, dieldrin, endosulfan, pp'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (pp'-DDE), op'-DDE, pp'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (pp'-DDT), op'-DDT, pp'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (pp'-DDD) and op'-DDD) were extracted from blood and quantitatively estimated using gas chromatography.

A preliminary study on the influence of glutathione S transferase T1 (GSTT1) as a risk factor for late onset Alzheimer's disease in North Indian population.

Introduction: Oxidative stress plays key role in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), a family of phase-II isoenzymes, play a critical role in providing protection against electrophiles and products of oxidative stress. Among different classes of GSTs, GSTM1 (Mu) and GSTT1 (theta) are found to be genetically deleted which results in decreased expression of the concerned enzyme.

A case control study of gene environmental interaction in fetal growth restriction with special reference to organochlorine pesticides.

Objectives: Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and oxidative stress are reported to be associated with adverse reproductive outcomes. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a polymorphic supergene family involved in the detoxification of numerous toxins including OCPs. OCPs are endocrine disrupter and prenatal exposure to them may be associated with fetal growth restriction (FGR).

Alterations in T-lymphocyte sub-set profiles and cytokine secretion by PBMC of systemic lupus erythematosus patients upon in vitro exposure to organochlorine pesticides.

Chronic exposure to organochlorine pesticides (OCP) has been suspected of causing immunoregulatory abnormalities that eventually lead to development and progression of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but the role of these non-genetic stimuli has remained poorly understood. The objectives of the study were to quantify the levels of different OCP residues in the blood of SLE patients and to study the effects of in vitro treatment of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from these patients and healthy controls with OCP. Levels of different OCP residues in the blood were measured by gas-liquid chromatography.

The "sponge effect" hypothesis: an alternative explanation of the improvement in the waterholding capacity of meat with ageing.

Bovine M. semimembranosus from different sexes of cattle were held at temperatures ranging from 0 to 35°C until rigor and aged for up to 9weeks. The waterholding capacity (WHC) of the beef increased with ageing as evidenced by the decline in drip loss measured gravimetrically, centrifugally and by pressure.