Rational design of redox active metal organic frameworks for mediated electron transfer of enzymes.

The efficient immobilization of redox mediators remains a major challenge in the design of mediated enzyme electrode platforms. In addition to stability, the ability of the redox-active material to mediate electron transfer from the active-site buried enzymes, such as flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FADGDH) and lactate oxidase (LOx), is also crucial. Conventional immobilization techniques can be synthetically challenging, and immobilized mediators often exhibit limited durability, particularly in continuous operation.

Effects of Cross-linker Chemistry on Bioelectrocatalytic Reactions in a Redox Cross-linked Network of Glucose Dehydrogenase and Thionine.

Enzyme-mediator bioconjugation is emerging as a building block for designing electrode platforms for the construction of biosensors and biofuel cells. Here, we report a one-pot bioconjugation technique for flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent glucose dehydrogenase (FAD-GDH) and thionine (TH) using a series of cross-linkers, including epoxy, -hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), and aldehydes. In this technique, FAD-GDH and thionine are conjugated through an amine cross-linking reaction to generate a redox network, which has been successfully employed for the oxidation of glucose.

Understanding in soybean: comprehensive insights, threats, and interventions from the Asian perspective.

Soybean ( L.) is an important crop in Asia, accounting for 17% of global soybean cultivation. However, this crop faces formidable challenges from the devastating foliar disease, Asian Soybean Rust (ASR), caused by , a biotrophic fungus with a broad host range, causing substantial yield losses (10-100%) in Asia.

Carrageenans as biostimulants and bio-elicitors: plant growth and defense responses.

In the context of climate change, the need to ensure food security and safety has taken center stage. Chemical fertilizers and pesticides are traditionally used to achieve higher plant productivity and improved plant protection from biotic stresses. However, the widespread use of fertilizers and pesticides has led to significant risks to human health and the environment, which are further compounded by the emissions of greenhouse gases during fertilizer and pesticide production and application, contributing to global warming and climate change.

Enzyme Cascade Electrode Reactions with Nanomaterials and Their Applicability towards Biosensor and Biofuel Cells.

Nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, metal-organic frameworks, metal nanoparticles, and porous carbon, play a crucial role as efficient carriers to enhance enzyme activity through substrate channeling while improving enzyme stability and reusability. However, there are significant debates surrounding aspects such as enzyme orientation, enzyme loading, retention of enzyme activity, and immobilization techniques. Consequently, these subjects have become the focus of intensive research in the realm of multi-enzyme cascade reactions.

Evaluation of yield attributes and bioactive phytochemicals of twenty amaranth genotypes of Bengal floodplain.

Twenty vegetable amaranth (VA) genotypes were evaluated to assess the variability, associations, path coefficient, and principal component analysis (PCA) of morpho-chemical traits. The genotypes exhibited adequate antioxidant colorants, phytochemicals, and antiradical capacity with significant variations across genotypes. Genetic parameters revealed selection criteria for the majority of the traits for improving amaranth foliage yield (FY).

Genetic Mapping of Seven Kinds of Locus for Resistance to Asian Soybean Rust.

Asian soybean rust (ASR), caused by , is one of the most serious soybean () diseases in tropical and subtropical regions. To facilitate the development of resistant varieties using gene pyramiding, DNA markers closely linked to seven resistance genes, namely, , , , , , , and , were identified. Linkage analysis of resistance-related traits and marker genotypes using 13 segregating populations of ASR resistance, including eight previously published by our group and five newly developed populations, identified the resistance loci with markers at intervals of less than 2.

(Lib.) de Bary: Insights into the Pathogenomic Features of a Global Pathogen.

(Lib.) de Bary is a broad host-range fungus that infects an inclusive array of plant species and afflicts significant yield losses globally. Despite being a notorious pathogen, it has an uncomplicated life cycle consisting of either basal infection from myceliogenically germinated sclerotia or aerial infection from ascospores of carpogenically germinated sclerotia.

Wheat blast: A review from a genetic and genomic perspective.

The newly emerged wheat blast fungus () is a severe threat to global wheat production. The fungus is a distinct, exceptionally diverse lineage of the , causing rice blast disease. Genome-based approaches employing -specific markers are used to detect field isolates.

Cosmos white rot: First characterization, physiology, host range, disease resistance, and chemical control.

A new disease of Cosmos sulphureus Cav. causing external and internal stem discoloration, premature death, and wilting was observed in 27.8% of plants with an average disease severity rating of 4.

Ethanol Positively Modulates Photosynthetic Traits, Antioxidant Defense and Osmoprotectant Levels to Enhance Drought Acclimatization in Soybean.

Drought is a major environmental threat to agricultural productivity and food security across the world. Therefore, addressing the detrimental effects of drought on vital crops like soybean has a significant impact on sustainable food production. Priming plants with organic compounds is now being considered as a promising technique for alleviating the negative effects of drought on plants.

First characterization of a newly emerging phytopathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing white mold in pea.

Pea (Pisum sativum L.) is of global importance as a food crop for its edible pod and seed. A new disease causing the tan to light brown blighted stems and pods has occurred in pea (P.

Nutritional and antioxidant components and antioxidant capacity in green morph Amaranthus leafy vegetable.

Amaranth has two morphological types described as red and green morphs. Previous studies have extensively characterised red morph amaranth regarding both morphological and chemical properties including antioxidant activity, antioxidant phytochemical profile, mineral content and proximate composition. However, there is scarce information concerning green morph amaranth.

Characterization of , an Emerging Fungal Pathogen Causing Blight in Hyacinth Bean ().

Stems and pods of hyacinth bean cultivated in a farmer's field in Gazipur District, Bangladesh, were found rotted in nearly 5% hyacinth bean plants. A fungus having fluffy mycelium and large sclerotia was isolated from affected tissues. Combined results of morphological, molecular and pathological analyses identified the fungus as (Lib) de Bary.

Methods for the Characterization of Plant-Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria.

A detailed description of methods most frequently used for the identification and characterization of beneficial microbial strains is presented in this chapter. The methods include microbiological, biochemical, and molecular approaches. Microbiological and biochemical methods comprise a broad range of techniques that are based on the analysis of phosphate solubilization, nitrogenase activity, indole-3-acetic acid production, bacterial motility, presence of catalase and nitrate reductase enzyme, Gram's staining of the cell wall, siderophore production, and microbial chemotaxis.

Genetic variation for induced and basal resistance against leaf pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 among Arabidopsis thaliana accessions.

In Arabidopsis thaliana, significant efforts to determine the effect of naturally occurring variation between phenotypically divergent accessions on different biotic or abiotic stresses are underway. Although it is usually assumed that induced systemic resistance (ISR) against pathogen will covary with plant genetic variation, this assumption has not been tested rigorously in previous experiments. Here, we investigated heritable variation in resistance as well as Penicillium simplicissimum GP17-2-mediated ISR to the bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv.

Plant growth-promoting fungus Penicillium spp. GP15-1 enhances growth and confers protection against damping-off and anthracnose in the cucumber.

Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) have the potential to confer several benefits to plants in terms of growth and protection against pests and pathogens. In the present study, we tested whether a PGPF isolate, Penicillium spp. GP15-1 (derived from zoysiagrass rhizospheres), stimulates growth and disease resistance in the cucumber plant.

Involvement of the salicylic acid signaling pathway in the systemic resistance induced in Arabidopsis by plant growth-promoting fungus Fusarium equiseti GF19-1.

Plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) are effective biocontrol agents for a number of soil-borne diseases and are known for their ability to trigger induced systemic resistance (ISR). In this study, we investigated the mechanisms triggered by PGPF Fusarium equiseti GF19-1, which is known to increase pathogen resistance in plants, by using GF19-1 spores and the culture filtrate (CF) to treat the roots of Arabidopsis thaliana. Subsequently, the leaves were challenged with Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (Pst) bacteria.

The plant growth-promoting fungus Penicillium simplicissimum GP17-2 induces resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana by activation of multiple defense signals.

Arabidopsis thaliana grown in soil amended with barley grain inocula of Penicillium simplicissimum GP17-2 or receiving root treatment with its culture filtrate (CF) exhibited clear resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst). To assess the contribution of different defense pathways, Arabidopsis genotypes implicated in salicylic acid (SA) signaling expressing the NahG transgene or carrying disruption in NPR1 (npr1), jasmonic acid (JA) signaling (jar1) and ethylene (ET) signaling (ein2) were tested.