Brain tumor detection and classification in MRI using hybrid ViT and GRU model with explainable AI in Southern Bangladesh.

Brain tumor, a leading cause of uncontrolled cell growth in the central nervous system, presents substantial challenges in medical diagnosis and treatment. Early and accurate detection is essential for effective intervention. This study aims to enhance the detection and classification of brain tumors in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans using an innovative framework combining Vision Transformer (ViT) and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) models.

Nonlinear optical phase shift in blood plasmas for neoplasia diagnosis.

Detecting cancer at an early stage is crucial for timely treatment and better chances of survival. This research focuses on a scanning method for detecting cancer by examining the nonlinear optical characteristics of blood plasma samples. The study used both cancerous and noncancerous plasma samples and presented the results statistically by utilizing an incident laser power-dependent nonlinear optical phase shift variable called ζ in the Z-scan technique.

Biophysical and Computational Approaches to Unravel pH-Dependent Conformational Change of PspA Assist PspA-PspF Complex Formation in Yersinia enterocolitica.

In enteropathogen, Yersinia enterocolitica, the genes encoding phage shock proteins are organized in an operon (pspA-E), which is activated at the various types of cellular stress (i.e., extracytoplasmic or envelop stress) whereas, PspA negatively regulates PspF, a transcriptional activator of pspA-E and pspG, and is also involved in other cellular machinery maintenance processes.

Stronger orientation of state-selected OCS molecules with relative-delay-adjusted nanosecond two-color laser pulses.

Using the all-optical molecular orientation technique with intense nonresonant two-color laser pulses, stronger molecular orientation |⟨cos θ⟩| ∼ 0.34 is achieved by employing the following two strategies: (1) carbonyl sulfide molecules lying in the lower rotational states are selected using a home-built molecular deflector and (2) the rising parts of the two wavelengths of the pump pulse are adjusted by introducing a Michelson-type delay line in the optical path. The achieved degree of molecular orientation is higher than that observed in the proof-of-principle experiment [Oda et al.

All-optical orientation of linear molecules with combined linearly and elliptically polarized two-color laser fields.

We show that a combination of a fundamental pulse with linear polarization along the vertical direction and an elliptically polarized second harmonic pulse with both vertical and horizontal electric field components can be used to orient linear molecules efficiently, leading to higher degrees of orientation. Due to this specific combination of polarizations, the asymmetric hyperpolarizability interaction potential, which remains the same as that in a linearly polarized two-color laser field, is created along the vertical component of the elliptically polarized second harmonic pulse. On the other hand, the horizontal component suppresses the otherwise strong symmetric polarizability potential responsible for alignment, increasing the tunneling probability from the shallower potential well to the deeper one.

Monitoring of metal pollution in waterways across Bangladesh and ecological and public health implications of pollution.

Using innovative artificial mussels technology for the first time, this study detected eight heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, U, Zn) on a regular basis in waterways across Bangladesh (Chittagong, Dhaka and Khulna). Three heavy metals, viz. Co, Cr and Hg were always below the instrumental detection levels in all the sites during the study period.

Trace/heavy metal pollution monitoring in estuary and coastal area of Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh and implicated impacts.

Using artificial mussels (AMs), this study reports and compares time-integrated level of eleven trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, U, Zn) in Karnafuli River estuary and coastal area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. Through this study, "hot spots" of metal pollution were identified. The results may demonstrate that the Karnafuli Estuary, and adjacent coastal area of Chittagong, Bangladesh are highly polluted by high risk metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead, uranium).

On the Utilization of Pozzolanic Wastes as an Alternative Resource of Cement.

Recently, as a supplement of cement, the utilization of pozzolanic materials in cement and concrete manufacturing has increased significantly. This study investigates the scope to use pozzolanic wastes (slag, palm oil fuel ash and rice husk ash) as an alkali activated binder (AAB) that can be used as an alternative to cement. To activate these materials, sodium hydroxide solution was used at 1.