Plant-Entomopathogenic Fungi Interaction: Recent Progress and Future Prospects on Endophytism-Mediated Growth Promotion and Biocontrol.

Entomopathogenic fungi, often acknowledged primarily for their insecticidal properties, fulfill diverse roles within ecosystems. These roles encompass endophytism, antagonism against plant diseases, promotion of the growth of plants, and inhabitation of the rhizosphere, occurring both naturally and upon artificial inoculation, as substantiated by a growing body of contemporary research. Numerous studies have highlighted the beneficial aspects of endophytic colonization.

Ligands of HMG-like dorsal switch protein 1 of leads to mortality in diamondback moth, .

HMG-like dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) is the insect homolog of the high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein of the vertebrates. Previous studies confirmed DSP1 in , , and and were analyzed for their immune roles, survivability, and binding affinity with entomopathogenic bacterial metabolites. The present study aimed to predict, and confirm DSP1 in diamondback moth, along with the effect of DSP1 ligands in the survivability of this insect.

Heat shock increases the anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity activity of soybean by increasing polyphenol, antioxidant and aglycon form isoflavones.

We know that heat shock can activate the functional components in soybeans, but we don't know the type, level, and duration of heat shock for maximum activation. To address this, the present study investigated the changes in functional components like polyphenols, antioxidants, and isoflavones in soybeans at various temperature levels and durations with their respective functionality or health benefits. For this, treated seed samples were extracted with 70 % ethanol.

Spätzle processing enzyme is required to activate dorsal switch protein 1 induced Toll immune signalling pathway in Tenebrio molitor.

Dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule to activate immune responses in Tenebrio molitor. From a previous study in Spodoptera exigua, we found that DSP1 activates Toll immune signalling pathway to induce immune responses by melanisation, PLA2 activity and AMP synthesis. However, the target site of DSP1 in this pathway remains unknown.

Salicylic Acid, a Plant Hormone, Suppresses Phytophagous Insect Immune Response by Interrupting HMG-Like DSP1.

Salicylic acid is a plant hormone that can mediate various plant physiological processes. Salicylic acid can bind to human high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and interrupt its role in mediating immune responses. Dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) is an insect homolog of HMGB1.

HMGB1-like dorsal switch protein 1 of the mealworm, Tenebrio molitor, acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern.

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a nuclear protein highly conserved in eukaryotes and ubiquitously expressed to regulate transcription and chromatin remodeling. Dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) is its insect homolog. A lepidopteran DSP1 acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) in response to immune challenge.

Immune mediation of HMG-like DSP1 via Toll-Spätzle pathway and its specific inhibition by salicylic acid analogs.

Xenorhabdus hominickii, an entomopathogenic bacterium, inhibits eicosanoid biosynthesis of target insects to suppress their immune responses by inhibiting phospholipase A2 (PLA2) through binding to a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule called dorsal switch protein 1 (DSP1) from Spodoptera exigua, a lepidopteran insect. However, the signalling pathway between DSP1 and PLA2 remains unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether DSP1 could activate Toll immune signalling pathway to activate PLA2 activation and whether X.

Antiviral Treatment Reveals a Cooperative Pathogenicity of Baculovirus and Iflavirus in , a Lepidopteran Insect.

NPVThe beet armyworm, , is a serious insect pest infesting various vegetable crops. Two infectious insect viruses, baculovirus and iflavirus, are known to induce epizootics in populations. Indeed, some laboratory colonies have appeared to be covertly infected by these viruses.

Variations of Indole Metabolites and NRPS-PKS Loci in Two Different Virulent Strains of .

ANU1 is known to be an entomopathogenic bacterium symbiotic to nematode . Another bacterial strain DY1 was isolated from a local population of . This bacterial strain DY1 was found to exhibit high insecticidal activities against lepidopteran and coleopteran species after hemocoelic injection.

Virulent secondary metabolites of entomopathogenic bacteria genera, Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, inhibit phospholipase A to suppress host insect immunity.

Background: Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus are entomopathogenic bacteria that cause septicemia and toxemia in insects. They produce secondary metabolites to induce host immunosuppression. Their metabolite compositions vary among bacterial species.

Immunosuppressive Activities of Novel PLA Inhibitors from , an Entomopathogenic Bacterium.

Eicosanoids mediate both cellular and humoral immune responses in insects. Phospholipase A (PLA) catalyzes the first committed step in eicosanoid biosynthesis. It is a common pathogenic target of two entomopathogenic bacteria, and .

Variation in pathogenicity of different strains of Xenorhabdus nematophila; Differential immunosuppressive activities and secondary metabolite production.

Xenorhabdus nematophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium, is mutualistic with the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. The bacterium produces secondary metabolites to inhibit target insect phospholipase A (PLA) and induce immunosuppression, which is required for the pathogenicity of this bacterium-nematode complex. However, it was unclear if immunosuppressive intensity of the bacteria was correlated with their insecticidal potency.