Advancements in cyclodextrin-based controlled drug delivery: Insights into pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles.

This article discusses and summarizes some fascinating outcomes and applications of cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives in drug delivery. These applications include the administration of protein, peptide medications, and gene delivery. Several innovative drug delivery systems, including NPs, microspheres, microcapsules, and liposomes, are designed with the help of CD, which is highlighted in this article.

Screening and quantification of antibiotic residues in poultry products and feed in selected areas of Bangladesh.

Background And Aim: Antibiotic residues in livestock farming have been identified as a potential cause of antimicrobial resistance in humans and animals. This study aimed to determine whether antibiotic residues were present in the chicken meat, eggs, feces, and feed collected from all four districts in the Mymensingh division of Bangladesh.

Materials And Methods: To detect antibiotic residues in the collected samples, qualitative thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were used.

Molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance profile of ESBL-producing isolated from healthy cow raw milk in smallholder dairy farms in Bangladesh.

Background And Aim: The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, such as in milk, is a serious public health concern as milk is considered a complete food and an important part of daily human diet worldwide, including in Bangladesh. However, there have been no reports on the molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance profile of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing from milk of healthy cows in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aimed to detect and characterize ESBL-producing (ESBL-Ec) in milk samples from healthy cows in smallholder dairy farms in Mymensingh district, Bangladesh, and assess the potential risk of consuming this milk.

Characterizing Cold Days and Spells and Their Relationship with Cold-Related Mortality in Bangladesh.

This research examined the characteristics of cold days and spells in Bangladesh using long-term averages (1971-2000) of maximum () and minimum temperatures () and their standard deviations (SD). Cold days and spells were calculated and their rate of change during the winter months (December-February) of 2000-2021 was quantified. In this research, a cold day was defined as when the daily maximum or minimum temperature is ≤-1.

Developing a Cold-Related Mortality Database in Bangladesh.

The aim of this study was to develop a database of historical cold-related mortality in Bangladesh using information obtained from online national newspapers and to analyze such data to understand the spatiotemporal distribution, demographic dynamics, and causes of deaths related to cold temperatures in winter. We prepared a comprehensive database containing information relating to the winter months (December to February) of 2009-2021 for the eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh and systematically removed redundant records. We found that 1249 people died in Bangladesh during this period due to cold and cold-related illnesses, with an average of 104.

Hierarchical true prevalence, risk factors and clinical symptoms of tuberculosis among suspects in Bangladesh.

Background: The study was aimed to estimate the true prevalence of human tuberculosis (TB); identify risk factors and clinical symptoms of TB; and detect rifampicin (RIF) sensitivity in three study areas of Bangladesh.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in three Bangladesh districts during 2018. Potential risk factors, clinical symptoms, and comorbidities were collected from 684 TB suspects.

Graphene oxide based crosslinker for simultaneous enhancement of mechanical toughness and self-healing capability of conventional hydrogels.

Extraordinary self-healing efficiency is rarely observed in mechanically strong hydrogels, which often limits the applications of hydrogels in biomedical engineering. We have presented an approach to utilize a special type of graphene oxide-based crosslinker (GOBC) for the simultaneous improvement of toughness and self-healing properties of conventional hydrogels. The GOBC has been prepared from graphene oxide (GO) by surface oxidation and further introduction of vinyl groups.

Risk factors for bovine rotavirus infection and genotyping of bovine rotavirus in diarrheic calves in Bangladesh.

Bovine rotavirus (BRV) is considered the leading cause of calf diarrhea worldwide, including Bangladesh. In this study we aimed to identify risk factors for BRV infection and determine the G and P genotypes of BRV strains in diarrheic calves. Fecal samples were collected from 200 diarrheic calves in three districts between January 2014 and October 2015.

Wind and wind power characteristics of the eastern and southern coastal and northern inland regions, South Africa.

The objective of this work is to understand the fluctuating nature of wind speed characteristics on different time scales and to find the long-term annual trends of wind speed at different locations in South Africa. The hourly average mean wind speed values over a period of 20 years are used to achieve the set objective. Wind speed frequency, directional availability of maximum mean wind speed, total energy, annual energy yield and plant capacity factors are determined for seven locations situated both inland and along the coast of South Africa.

Risk factors and true prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in Bangladesh.

Bovine tuberculosis (bTb) is endemic in Bangladesh but the true prevalence has not yet been reported. Our objectives for this study were to determine the true prevalence and identify risk factors for bTb at the animal- and herd-level in Bangladesh. A total of 510 cows were randomly selected during January 2018 to December 2018.

Cell elasticity measurement using a microfluidic device with real-time pressure feedback.

The study of cell elasticity provides new insights into not only cell biology but also disease diagnosis based on cell mechanical state variation. Microfluidic technologies have made noticeable progress in studying cell deformation with capabilities of high throughput and automation. This paper reports the development of a novel microfluidic system to precisely measure the elasticity of cells having large deformation in a constriction channel.

Experimental study of a passive control of airfoil lift using bioinspired feather flap.

Birds are known for their extraordinary agility, maneuverability, flexibility and endurance during their flight, even under some adverse flying conditions. Bird wings have been the most inspirational element, attracting the attention of researchers to reveal the underlying physical mechanism of lift production as well as to apply the results into the artificial flying vehicles. This paper presents a systematic experimental investigation on a passive flow control of a NACA0012 airfoil using real feather flap which is installed on the suction or pressure surface.

Spatial arrangement of block copolymer nanopatterns using a photoactive homopolymer substrate.

Spatial control of the orientation of block copolymers (BCPs) in thin films offers enormous opportunities for practical nanolithography applications. In this study, we demonstrate the use of a substrate comprised of poly(4-acetoxystyrene) to spatially control interfacial interactions and block copolymer orientation over different length scales. Upon UV irradiation poly(4-acetoxystyrene) undergoes a photo-Fries rearrangement yielding phenolic groups available for further functionalization.

Serological and Molecular Evidence of Q Fever in Domestic Ruminants in Bangladesh.

The objective of this study was to know the herd and animal level prevalence of Q fever in domestic ruminants in some selected districts in Bangladesh. Randomly collected 111 bulk milk and 94 sera samples of cattle, sheep, and goats were tested by indirect ELISA (iELISA). DNA extracted from 23 aborted fetal membranes was analyzed by real time (rt) PCR.

The first identification of rotavirus B from children and adults with acute diarrhoea in kathmandu, Nepal.

Rotavirus B (RVB) in the genus Rotavirus of the family Reoviridae is known to be a cause of acute gastroenteritis among children and adults in parts of Asia including China, India, Bangladesh and Myanmar. In a 15-month surveillance programme between March 2007 and May 2008, 3,080 stool specimens were collected from children and adults with acute gastroenteritis in an infectious disease hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal. In 25 (0.

Variety of nanopatterns on different substrates using PS-b-PMMA and their applications.

High density arrays of nanostructures over a large area can be formed on a range of substrates, such as glass, GaN, SiO2 deposited silicon wafer, etc. by the self-assembly of PS-b-PMMA block copolymers. The morphology of the polymer surface is strongly dependent on the thickness of the polymer layer.

Fabrication of nano patterns on various substrates using nanosphere lithography technique.

This paper presents a procedure for fabricating large-area, size-tunable, metal arrays with a periodically different shape using Nanosphere Lithography (NSL). This technique has attracted considerable interest because of its important applications as diffraction devices, chemical and optical data recording. Their ordered arrays can be used for anti-reflection surfaces, bio-sensors and nanopatterning masks.

Two interacting cylinders in cross flow.

Cylindrical structures in a group are frequently seen on land and in the ocean. Mutual flow interaction between the structures makes the wake very excited or tranquil depending on the spacing between the structures. The excited wake-enhancing forces in some cases cause a catastrophic failure of the structures.

Fabrication of 2D photonic crystals using block copolymer patterns on as grown LEDs.

Di-block copolymer polystyrene-block-polymethyl methacrylate (PS-b-PMMA) was used to make patterns over a large area of as grown LEDs. The polymer patterns on LEDs surface could be transferred to the underlying p-GaN, the topmost layer of as grown LEDs by both reactive ion etching (RIE) and photo-enhanced chemical (PEC) etching. Removal of remaining polymer chains results in patterned LEDs which shows higher light extraction efficiency.

Fabrication of nanopatterns using block copolymer and controlling surface morphology.

This paper reports an approach for patterning substrates on the nanoscale using a block copolymer, polystyrene-b-polymethylmethacrylate (PS-b-PMMA), which forms cylindrical microdomains. The morphology of the polymer surface was strongly dependent on the thickness of the polymer layer. Spin coating the polymer solution onto the substrate followed by baking resulted in the self-assembly of the components of the polymer.

Molecular epidemiology of rotavirus diarrhoea among children in Haiphong, Vietnam: the emergence of G3 rotavirus.

From September 2006- October 2007 hospital-based surveillance was conducted in Haiphong, Vietnam among children less than age 5 years hospitalized for diarrhoea to determine the distribution of G and P types and electropherotypes of rotavirus. Of note, the emergence of G3P[8] was identified and the strain was predominant among rotaviruses detected. More than 90% of G3P[8] electropherotyped strains shared an identical electropherotype, indicating they were of a single origin and their VP7 sequences were similar to those reported from Japan and China.

Alternative drag coefficient in the wake of an isolated bluff body.

An alternative drag coefficient Cda [=F[over]/(1/2rhoUinfinity2UinfinityTs)] , is proposed for an isolated bluff-body wake, where F[over] is the drag force on the body per unit length, U_{infinity} is the free-stream velocity, rho is the density of fluid, and Ts is the vortex shedding period. Theoretical analysis presently conducted indicates that, while the conventional drag coefficient Cd [=F[over]/(1/2rhoUinfinity2d)] may be interpreted as the intensity of the mean kinetic energy deficit distributed over the characteristic length of cylinder height d , Cda is the intensity of the mean kinetic energy deficit distributed over the characteristic length of the Karman vortex wavelength UinfinityTs . Therefore, Cda may be considered to be a drag coefficient with the characteristic length given by UinfinityTs , instead of d .

Consequence of dam genotypes on productive and reproductive performance of dairy cows under the rural condition in Bangladesh.

The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the consequence of dam genotypes on productive and reproductive performance of different cross-bred dairy cows under field condition. A total of 313 dairy cow's information were collected from 33 Artificial Insemination (AI) Sub-centers/Points from the District AI center of greater Rajshahi district for a period from 1993 to 2002. The information of the productive and reproductive parameters were analyzed from questionnaires answered by 33 field assistant (artificial inseminator) and owner's of cow in respective of AI Sub-Center/Points as well as from reading the AI and 100% progeny collection Registers.

Genetic analysis of group B human rotaviruses detected in Bangladesh in 2000 and 2001.

Group B rotaviruses detected in Bangladesh in 2000 and 2001 were analyzed genetically to clarify relatedness to human group B rotaviruses reported previously in China and India, and to animal group B rotaviruses. VP7 gene sequences of the Bangladeshi group B rotaviruses (Bang373, Bang544, Bang334, and Bang402) were almost identical to each other and also showed high sequence identity to the Indian strain CAL-1 (98%) and Chinese strain adult diarrhea rotavirus (ADRV) (92%), while identities to bovine and murine viruses were considerably low (60-63%). Other genes of Bang373 and Bang544 encoding VP2, VP4, VP6, and NSP1 through NSP5 also showed much higher sequence identities to those of CAL-1 (97.