Investigating the functional and structural effect of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 gene: An in-silico study.

The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA4) is essential in controlling T cell activity within the immune system. Thus, uncovering the molecular dynamics of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the CTLA4 gene is critical. We identified the non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs), examined their impact on protein stability, and identified the protein sequences associated with them in the human CTLA4 gene.

Reproductive and Hormonal Factors and Thyroid Cancer Risk: Pooled Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Given the female predominance of thyroid cancer (TC), particularly in the reproductive age range, female sex hormones have been proposed as an aetiology; however, previous epidemiological studies have shown conflicting results. We conducted a pooled analysis using individual data from 9 prospective cohorts in the Asia Cohort Consortium, to explore the association between 10 female reproductive and hormonal factors and TC risk. Using Cox proportional hazards models, cohort-specific hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated and then pooled using a random-effects model.

Adding Semi Elemental Enteral Nutrition Formula Improves Tolerance Without Compromising Bowel Preparation Quality for Colonoscopy: A Non-Inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Aims conventional bowel preparation restricts dietary intake up to 72 h prior to colonoscopy. Bowel preparation process is often perceived as unpleasant leading to poor compliance and subsequent poor bowel preparation. The aim of this trial is to compare the efficacy of low-residue semi-elemental enteral formula (LREF) incorporated diet versus the standard diet in polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based bowel preparation in the aim of creating a more tolerable bowel preparation regimen without compromising bowel cleanliness.

Adenocarpine, Marmesin, and Lycocernuine from Ficus benjamina as Promising Inhibitors of Aldose Reductase in Diabetes: A Bioinformatics-Guided Approach.

Diabetes affects approximately 422 million people worldwide, leading to 1.5 million deaths annually and causing severe complications such as kidney failure, neuropathy, and cardiovascular disease. Aldose reductase (AR), a key enzyme in the polyol pathway, is an important therapeutic target for managing these complications.

Residual-attention deep learning model for atrial fibrillation detection from Holter recordings.

Background: Detecting subtle patterns of atrial fibrillation (AF) and irregularities in Holter recordings is intricate and unscalable if done manually. Artificial intelligence-based techniques can be beneficial. In fact, with the rapid advancement of AI, deep learning (DL) demonstrated the capability to identify AF from ECGs with significant performance.

Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and resistant gene identification of bovine subclinical mastitis pathogens in Bangladesh.

Subclinical mastitis (SCM), a silent threat in the dairy sector of Bangladesh poses a significant economic impact and serves as a potential source of infection for healthy cows, hindering efforts to achieve milk self-sufficiency. Despite the importance of this issue, limited research has been conducted on mastitis in Sylhet region of Bangladesh. This study aimed to investigate the molecular prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and resistant genes detection on pathogens ( and causing SCM.

FDA Approval Summary: Tovorafenib for Relapsed or Refractory BRAF-altered Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma.

On April 23, 2024, FDA granted accelerated approval to tovorafenib, a type II RAF kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of patients 6 months of age and older with relapsed or refractory pediatric low-grade glioma (pLGG) harboring a BRAF fusion or rearrangement, or BRAF V600 mutation. Efficacy was evaluated in FIREFLY-1 (NCT04775485), a single-arm, open-label, multicenter trial that enrolled patients 6 months to 25 years of age with relapsed or refractory pLGG with an activating BRAF alteration who had received prior systemic therapy. The major efficacy outcome measure was radiologic overall response rate (ORR), defined as the proportion of patients with complete response, partial response, or minor response as determined by blinded independent central review using Response Assessment in Pediatric Neuro-Oncology (RAPNO) criteria.

N influences on CH accumulation and displacement in shale by molecular dynamics.

N is generally employed as a displacement agent to enhance gas recovery in shale gas-bearing reservoirs. However, the primary displacement mechanism in the subsurface still needs to be clarified due to the characteristics of shale reservoirs with low porosity and abundant nanopores. This study employs the Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation method to investigate the effects of N on the CH accumulation and displacement processes by adopting practical conditions in the subsurface environment.

Sex Differences in Management, Time to Intervention, and In-Hospital Mortality of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Non-Myocardial Infarction Related Cardiogenic Shock.

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with high mortality, particularly in women. With early intervention being a cornerstone of CS management, this study aims to explore whether sex differences exist in the utilization of critical interventions, timing of treatment, and in-hospital mortality for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and non-AMI-CS. For this retrospective cohort study, we queried the National Inpatient Sample (years 2016-2021) for CS-related hospitalizations.

Protein supplementation delivered alone or in combination with presumptive azithromycin treatment for enteric pathogens did not improve linear growth in Bangladeshi infants: results of a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

Background: Protein requirements established for healthy populations may be insufficient to support healthy growth in infants consuming largely cereal-based complementary foods and frequently exposed to enteric pathogens.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess independent and combined effects of protein supplementation and antibiotic treatment on linear growth of infants aged 6-12 mo.

Methods: We conducted a 2 × 4 factorial cluster-randomized trial in northwestern Bangladesh, allocating 566 clusters to masked azithromycin (10 mg/kg × 3 d) or placebo at 6 and 9 mo of age and unmasked delivery of an egg white protein-rich blended food supplement (250 kcal; 10 g added protein), a rice-based isocaloric supplement, egg, or nutrition education from 6 to 12 mo.

Harnessing the Antibacterial, Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Carcinogenic Properties of Linn (Tulsi).

Linn ( L.), commonly known as Holy Basil or Tulsi, is a fragrant herbaceous plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family. This plant is widely cultivated and found in north-central parts of India, several Arab countries, West Africa and tropical regions of the Eastern World.

Galantamine-Memantine Combination in the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease Dementia.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects over 1% of population over age 60. It is defined by motor and nonmotor symptoms including a spectrum of cognitive impairments known as Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Currently, the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for PDD is rivastigmine, which inhibits acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase increasing the level of acetylcholine in the brain.

Maternal and Infant Predictors of Human Milk Macronutrient and Energy Concentrations in Rural Bangladesh: An Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Human milk macronutrient (protein, fat, and carbohydrate) and energy concentrations vary based on maternal and infant factors and time postpartum.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the change in milk macronutrient and energy concentrations from ∼2 to 5 mo postpartum and identify factors associated with this variation among a lactation cohort in Bangladesh.

Methods: In this prospective observational lactation cohort in rural Sylhet, Bangladesh, we collected hand-expressed mid-feed human milk samples and analyzed macronutrient concentrations using mid-infrared spectroscopy.

Opportunities and challenges for human microphysiological systems in drug development.

Microphysiological systems (MPS) are complex in vitro tools that incorporate cells derived from various healthy or disease-state human or animal tissues and organs. While MPS have limitations, including a lack of globally harmonized guidelines for standardization, they have already proven impactful in certain areas of drug development. Further research and regulatory acceptance of MPS will contribute to making them even more effective tools in the future.

Modulation of pain sensitivity by Ascl1-and Lhx6-dependent GABAergic neuronal function in streptozotocin diabetic mice.

Painful diabetic neuropathy commonly affects the peripheral nervous system in individuals with diabetes. However, the pathological processes and mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathic pain remain unclear. We aimed to identify the overall profiles and screen for genes potentially involved in pain mechanisms using transcriptome analysis of the dorsal root ganglion of diabetic mice treated with streptozotocin (STZ).

Serum Calcium Level in Patients with Essential Hypertension.

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for death and disability globally, particularly in Bangladesh. Serum calcium is supposed to be linked with the pathophysiology of hypertension, though various studies have shown contradictory results. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the role of serum calcium level in essential hypertensive patients.

Causes and Consequences of Delayed Presentation of Muscle Invasive Urinary Bladder Carcinoma.

Lag times for the diagnosis and treatment of urinary bladder cancer are generally longer which reduces the chances of achieving cures. This study was carried out at the Urology Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka and a Urology Center in a private hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2007 to June 2008 on patients of newly diagnosed muscle invasive bladder carcinoma. This study was intended to assess the delay encountered by the patients and its consequences in the process of diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.

Functional Outcome of Subtrochanteric Femoral Fractures Fixation by Proximal Femoral Locking Compression Plate.

Subtrochanteric femoral fractures are one of the common fractures encountered in today's Orthopaedic practice. This area consists of mostly cortical bone with high stress generation thus heal slowly which leads implant failure. The inherent instability of this fracture and forces of the muscles with comminuted medial calcar is giving the fracture a tendency to varus collapse.

Molecular Characterization of δβ Thalassemia/Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin and Its Correlation With Clinical and Hematological Profile; a Single Center Study in North India.

Background: δβ-thalassemia/HPFH is an uncommon hemoglobinopathy characterized by decreased or the total absence of production of δ- and β-globin and increased HbF levels. Both these disorders have variable genotype and phenotype, but significant overlap in the clinical and laboratory findings. Given the lack of literature in this regard, the study aimed to estimate the prevalence of the disease and evaluate its clinical, hematological, and molecular profile in India.

Comprehensive characterization of high-risk coding and non-coding single nucleotide polymorphisms of human CXCR4 gene.

CXCR4, a chemokine receptor known as Fusin or CD184, spans the outer membrane of various human cells, including leukocytes. This receptor is essential for HIV infection as well as for many vital cellular processes and is implicated to be associated with multiple pathologies, including cancers. This study employs various computational tools to investigate the molecular effects of disease-vulnerable germ-line missense and non-coding SNPs of the CXCR4 gene.

Reproductive factors and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer: results from the Asia Cohort Consortium.

Background: There are scarce data on risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Asian populations. Our goal was to advance knowledge on reproductive -related risk factors for EOC in a large population of Asian women.

Methods: This study used pooled individual data from baseline questionnaires in 11 prospective cohorts (baseline years, 1958-2015) in the Asia Cohort Consortium.

The need for a cancer exposome atlas: a scoping review.

Background: Despite advances in understanding genetic susceptibility to cancer, much of cancer heritability remains unidentified. At the same time, the makeup of industrial chemicals in our environment only grows more complex. This gap in knowledge on cancer risk has prompted calls to expand cancer research to the comprehensive, discovery-based study of nongenetic environmental influences, conceptualized as the "exposome.

Network Pharmacology and In Silico Elucidation of Phytochemicals Extracted from Ajwa Dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to Inhibit Akt and PI3K Causing Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC).

Background: About 10-15% of all breast cancers comprise triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), defined as cancer cells that lack receptors for the ER, PR, and HER2 protein receptors. Due to the absence of these receptors, treating TNBC using conventional chemotherapy is challenging and, therefore, requires the discovery of novel chemotherapeutic agents derived from natural sources.

Objective: The current work was intended to study the potential phytochemicals of Ajwa dates (Phoenix dactylifera L.

Risk of Hospitalization Among Assisted Living Residents Dually Enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid.

Objectives: To examine how risk of hospitalization among assisted living (AL) residents differs by dual enrollment in Medicare and Medicaid and by the percent of dually enrolled individuals in an AL community.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting And Participants: We used Medicare data from 2008 to 2018 and a national directory of licensed AL communities to identify Medicare beneficiaries with a change in their ZIP+4 code suggesting a new residence in an AL.

Promising selective alpha-1 blocker silodosin as a new therapeutic strategy for premature ejaculation and analysis of its drug adverse effect: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Introduction And Objectives: Premature Ejaculation (PE) occurs in 31% of men aged 18-59 years, leading to disappointment and avoidance of sexual relations. The current guideline of treatment for PE is Dapoxetine, which possesses several adverse effects causing the limitation of its long-term use. Silodosin, an alpha-1 blocker, has been proposed as a new option for treating PE due to its minimal side effects.