Clinical characterisation, treatment outcomes, and case fatality risk of patients with different SARS-CoV-2 variants in Bangladesh.

Background: Bangladesh underwent four waves of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Analysing them is essential for understanding changes in viral behaviour, disease patterns, severity, and response to treatment. Nevertheless, data are scarce in low- and middle-income countries.

XLTLDisNet: A novel and lightweight approach to identify tomato leaf diseases with transparency.

Agricultural productivity is essential for global economic development by ensuring food security, boosting incomes and supporting employment. It enhances stability, reduces poverty and promotes sustainable growth, creating a robust foundation for overall economic progress and improved quality of life worldwide. However, crop diseases can significantly affect agricultural output and economic resources.

Gerobiotics: Exploring the Potential and Limitations of Repurposing Probiotics in Addressing Aging Hallmarks and Chronic Diseases.

As unhealthy aging continues to rise globally, there is a pressing need for effective strategies to promote healthy aging, extend health span, and address aging-related complications. Gerobiotics, an emerging concept in geroscience, offers a novel approach to repurposing selective probiotics, postbiotics, and parabiotics to modulate key aging processes and enhance systemic health. This review explores recent advancements in gerobiotics research, focusing on their role in targeting aging hallmarks, regulating longevity-associated pathways, and reducing risks of multiple age-related chronic conditions.

Path integration impairments reveal early cognitive changes in Subjective Cognitive Decline.

Path integration, the ability to track one's position using self-motion cues, is critically dependent on the grid cell network in the entorhinal cortex, a region vulnerable to early Alzheimer's disease pathology. In this study, we examined path integration performance in individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a group at increased risk for Alzheimer's disease, and healthy controls using an immersive virtual reality task. We developed a Bayesian computational model to decompose path integration errors into distinct components.

Correlation awareness evolutionary sparse hybrid spectral band selection algorithm to detect aflatoxin B1 contaminated almonds using hyperspectral images.

Aflatoxin B1 is a harmful metabolite that frequently contaminates almonds, other nuts, and grains. Prolonged consumption of foods contaminated with aflatoxin B1 can lead to severe health issues. Hyperspectral imaging enables rapid, non-destructive detection of aflatoxin B1, but its high dimensionality complicates data analysis and increases complexity of classification models.

Detection of Measles Virus Genotype A in a Non-Endemic Wastewater Setting: Insights from Measles Wastewater and Environmental Monitoring in Canada's Capital Region.

The recent global resurgence of measles in 2023-2024, despite vaccine preventability, underscores a critical public health issue, largely due to reduced vaccination coverage during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. In response, Ottawa Public Health intensified vaccination efforts in 2023 and 2024. Additionally, a research initiative began in April 2024 to monitor Ottawa wastewater for measles virus (MeV) using established wastewater and environmental surveillance (WES) protocols.

A comprehensive dataset of rice field weed detection from Bangladesh.

In agricultural research, particularly concerning rice cultivation, the presence of weeds within rice fields is acknowledged as a significant contributor to both diminished crop quality and increased production costs. Rice fields, due to their inherently moist environment, offer ideal conditions for weed proliferation. Traditionally, the control of these weeds has been managed through labor-intensive manual methods.

Probing the articaine-human serum albumin interaction and influences of paracetamol and caffeine on the interaction by spectroscopy, voltammetry, and bioinformatics.

Interaction between a local anesthetic drug, articaine (ART) and human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated in the absence and presence of paracetamol (PAR) and caffeine (CAF) using spectroscopic, voltammetric, and computational techniques for the first time. The results demonstrated that increasing concentrations of ART in HSA solution led to a decrease in HSA fluorescence signal, indicating the ART-HSA complex formation via the static quenching mechanism. The binding strength of the complex was moderate (binding constant, K = 5.

Consequences of post-discharge hospitalisation on the growth of young Bangladeshi children hospitalised with diarrhoea: a secondary case-control analysis of Antibiotics for Children with Diarrhea (ABCD) trial.

Background: Due to the scarcity of published data on growth among children with severe diarrhoea requiring readmission during post-discharge follow-up, we aimed to investigate the potential impact of post-discharge readmission at day-90 follow-up on growth in diarrheal children aged 2-23 months.

Methods: We performed a secondary analysis using Bangladesh site data from the Antibiotic for Children with Diarrhea (ABCD) trial, a multi-country, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted from July 2017 to July 2019. Children aged 2-23 months who had severe diarrhoea defined as having acute diarrhoea with some/severe dehydration, or severe stunting, or moderate wasting, were admitted to the facility.

Advanced sleep disorder detection using multi-layered ensemble learning and advanced data balancing techniques.

Sleep disorder detection has greatly improved with the integration of machine learning, offering enhanced accuracy and effectiveness. However, the labor-intensive nature of diagnosis still presents challenges. To address these, we propose a novel coordination model aimed at improving detection accuracy and reliability through a multi-model ensemble approach.

A systematic review of single-cell RNA sequencing applications and innovations.

Bulk RNA sequencing is one type of RNA sequencing technique, as well as targeted RNA sequencing and whole transcriptome sequencing. It provides valuable insights into gene expression in specific cell populations or regions. However, these methods often miss the diversity of cells within complex tissues.

Collaborative capacity building for strengthening rehabilitation services in Sabah, Malaysia: a partnership between university hospital and state health department.

Objective: This paper aims to outline the foundational framework for strengthening rehabilitation services in Sabah, Malaysia, through a collaborative capacity-building initiative between Hospital Universiti Malaysia Sabah (HUMS) and the Sabah State Health Department (JKNS). By focusing on academic, research, and service capacity-building, this partnership seeks to address the rehabilitation needs of the local population, particularly for individuals with functional limitations.

Methods: The collaboration integrates HUMS's academic and clinical strengths with JKNS's existing rehabilitation services.

Effects of Women's Participation in Household Decision Making on Skilled Birth Attendants Supervised Delivery in Bangladesh.

Background: While the importance of women's participation in household decision making in enhancing access to healthcare services is widely acknowledged, limited evidence exists on the link between women's participation in household decision making and skilled birth attendants (SBA) supervised delivery. This study aims to fill this gap by examining the effects of women's participation in household decision making on SBA supervised delivery in Bangladesh.

Methods: Data of 3607 mothers who had given birth within 2 years of the survey date were extracted from the 2022 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) and analyzed.

Towards automated recipe genre classification using semi-supervised learning.

Sharing cooking recipes is a great way to exchange culinary ideas and provide instructions for food preparation. However, categorizing raw recipes found online into appropriate food genres can be challenging due to a lack of adequate labeled data. In this study, we present a dataset named the "Assorted, Archetypal, and Annotated Two Million Extended (3A2M+) Cooking Recipe Dataset" that contains two million culinary recipes labeled in respective categories with extended named entities extracted from recipe descriptions.

Matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) as a molecular target for Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) resistance in chickens.

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD), posing a significant threat to global poultry production. Current preventive strategies face limitations, emphasizing the need for alternative approaches such as breeding for disease resistance. This study identifies the matrix metalloproteinase 7 (MMP7) gene as a key factor in CRD resistance.

PPILS: Protein-protein interaction prediction with language of biological coding.

Protein-protein interactions within a cell are essential for various fundamental biological processes. Computational techniques have arisen in bioinformatics due to the challenging and resource-intensive nature of experimental protein pair interaction studies. This research seeks to create a cutting-edge machine learning method for predicting protein pair interactions using carefully chosen input features and leveraging evolutionary data.

A Taguchi-based study on the control factors of reinforced composites with the fiber of coir and pineapple leaves.

The use of composite materials, whether metallic or non-metallic, is becoming more popular nowadays because of some of their superior characteristics compared to the use of wood and metallic materials alone. From this perspective, a new natural fiber reinforced composite by varying the fiber orientation was developed in this study using coir and pineapple leaf fiber. This work uses the Taguchi method to investigate the different effects of control factors on mechanical and physical characteristics of the fabricated natural fiber-based composites.

Anthelmintic Potential of Discarded Seeds: a sustainable approach to agricultural by-product utilization.

Objectives: (Sonn.), belonging to the Sapindaceae family, has historically been used for the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments, including ulcers, gastritis, diarrhea, and infections Plants in the Sapindaceae family have demonstrated potential anthelmintic effects, while the efficacy of remains barely investigated. seeds are often discarded as waste; however, utilizing these seeds promotes sustainable practices and may provide a natural alternative to conventional anthelmintics.

Harnessing the TAF1 Acetyltransferase for Targeted Acetylation of the Tumor Suppressor p53.

Pharmacological reactivation of the tumor suppressor p53 remains a key challenge for the treatment of cancer. Acetylation Targeting Chimera (AceTAC), a novel technology is previously reported that hijacks lysine acetyltransferases p300/CBP to acetylate the p53Y220C mutant. However, p300/CBP are the only acetyltransferases harnessed for AceTAC development to date.

A simple analytical method for simultaneous determination of currently used pesticide (CUP) residue in river water using LC-MS/MS.

Pesticide residue monitoring in river water is obligatory for their negative ecotoxicological consequences. The current-use pesticides (CUPs) include a diverse range of synthetic pesticides registered by regulatory bodies worldwide as an alternative to the banned organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). Nowadays, CUPs are preferred for agricultural and non-agricultural purposes due to their low persistence and moderate toxicity.

Computer vision algorithms in healthcare: Recent advancements and future challenges.

Computer vision has emerged as a promising technology with numerous applications in healthcare. This systematic review provides an overview of advancements and challenges associated with computer vision in healthcare. The review highlights the application areas where computer vision has made significant strides, including medical imaging, surgical assistance, remote patient monitoring, and telehealth.

Understanding the Occurrence and Fate of Atmospheric Microplastics and Their Potential Risks to Human Health: Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Analysis.

Background: Plastic pollution has reached an alarming magnitude, defining the contemporary era as the "Plastic Age." Uncontrolled plastic production and inadequate recycling processes have led to widespread contamination of the environment with micro and nanoplastics.

Objective: The study aims to assess the environmental and human health consequences of exposure to microplastic particles (MPs) and their additives among plastic recycling workers in Dhaka.

From e-waste to eco-sensors: synthesis of reduced graphene oxide/ZnO from discarded batteries for a rapid electrochemical bisphenol A sensor.

Improper disposal of used dry cell batteries and the leaching of bisphenol A (BPA), a prevalent endocrine disruptor present in food packaging, into surface water pose a significant threat to both the environment and drinking water, threatening the sustainability of the ecosystem. Thus, it is imperative to manage detrimental e-waste and regularly monitor BPA using a sensitive and reliable technique. This study proposes a cost-effective reduced graphene oxide/zinc oxide (rGO/ZnO) nanohybrid, entirely synthesized from electronic waste, for electrochemically detecting BPA in an aqueous medium.