Activity-Based Protein Profiling in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Reveals the Broad Reactivity of a Carmofur-Derived Probe.

Activity-based protein profiling is a powerful chemoproteomic technique to detect active enzymes and identify targets and off-targets of drugs. Here, we report the use of carmofur- and activity-based probes to identify biologically relevant enzymes in the bacterial pathogen Staphylococcus aureus. Carmofur is an anti-neoplastic prodrug of 5-fluorouracil and also has antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity.

An Internet-of-Disease System for COVID-19 Testing Using Saliva by an AI-Controlled Microfluidic ELISA Device.

Throughout coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreaks, the centers for disease control and prevention (CDCP) of a country require monitoring of particular territories to provide public health guidance. In this work, the Internet of Diseases (IoD) is suggested for continuous real-time monitoring of infectious diseases for public health. Because converging information and communication technologies (ICTs) with point-of-care (POC) devices to enable the IoD for continuous real-time health monitoring and processing of clinical records are crucial, an IoD platform associating a lab-on-a-chip (LOC) device to diagnose severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) from oropharyngeal saliva samples have been developed and uploaded the resulted diagnostic data into a cloud-based system to be connected with CDCP.

Exploring the Journey of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) toward Biomedical Applications.

The field of nanotechnology is concerned with the creation and application of materials having a nanoscale spatial dimensioning. Having a considerable surface area to volume ratio, nanoparticles have particularly unique properties. Several chemical and physical strategies have been used to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs).

Exogenous putrescine attenuates the negative impact of drought stress by modulating physio-biochemical traits and gene expression in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.).

Drought tolerance is a complex trait controlled by many metabolic pathways and genes and identifying a solution to increase the resilience of plants to drought stress is one of the grand challenges in plant biology. This study provided compelling evidence of increased drought stress tolerance in two sugar beet genotypes when treated with exogenous putrescine (Put) at the seedling stage. Morpho-physiological and biochemical traits and gene expression were assessed in thirty-day-old sugar beet seedlings subjected to drought stress with or without Put (0.

From Differential Stains to Next Generation Physiology: Chemical Probes to Visualize Bacterial Cell Structure and Physiology.

Chemical probes have been instrumental in microbiology since its birth as a discipline in the 19th century when chemical dyes were used to visualize structural features of bacterial cells for the first time. In this review article we will illustrate the evolving design of chemical probes in modern chemical biology and their diverse applications in bacterial imaging and phenotypic analysis. We will introduce and discuss a variety of different probe types including fluorogenic substrates and activity-based probes that visualize metabolic and specific enzyme activities, metabolic labeling strategies to visualize structural features of bacterial cells, antibiotic-based probes as well as fluorescent conjugates to probe biomolecular uptake pathways.

The Role of Bacterial Membrane Vesicles in the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance and as Promising Carriers for Therapeutic Agent Delivery.

The rapid emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria continues to be an issue difficult to deal with, especially in the clinical, animal husbandry, and food fields. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant bacteria renders treatment with antibiotics ineffective. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic methods is a worthwhile research endeavor in treating infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

Associations between antibiotic resistance and bacteriophage resistance phenotypes in laboratory and clinical strains of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium.

Bacteriophages have received great attention as an alternative over antibiotics due to the host specificity. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the associations between bacteriophage-insensitive (BI) and antibiotic-resistant mutants of Salmonella Typhimurium strains. Bacteriophage-sensitive (BS) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 19585 (BSST), ciprofloxacin-induced S.

Bacteriophages as Potential Tools for Detection and Control of spp. in Food Systems.

The global problem of antibiotic resistance in bacteria is quickly developing in most antibiotics used in hospitals and livestock. Recently, the infections with multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria become a major cause of death worldwide. Current antibiotics are not very effective in treating MDR Salmonella infections, which have become a public health threat.

Assessment of antibiotic resistance in bacteriophage-insensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae.

This study was design to evaluate the physiological properties of bacteriophage-insensitive Klebsiella pneumoniae (BIKP) mutants in association with the antibiotic cross-resistance, β-lactamase activity, and gene expression. Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 23357(KP), ciprofloxacin-induced antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae ATCC 23357 (KP), and clinically isolated antibiotic-resistant K.

Proteomics-based discrimination of differentially expressed proteins in antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus.

This study was designed to compare the differentially expressed proteins between antibiotic-sensitive and antibiotic-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Staphylococcus aureus. The susceptibilities of wild-type (WT), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and/or oxacillin (OXA)-induced, and clinically isolated resistant (CCARM) S. Typhimurium (ST, ST, and ST), K.

Development of de novo resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium treated with antibiotic combinations.

This study was designed to evaluate the evolution of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium treated with the combination of antibiotics. The experimental evolution of antibiotic resistance of S. Typhimurium was evaluated either under single antibiotic (kanamycin, KAN; penicillin, PEN; erythromycin, ERY) or in combination of two antibiotics (KAN + PEN or KAN + ERY) as measured by fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs), stepwise resistance selection, cross-resistance evaluation, resistance fitness and relative gene expression.

Assessment of the alteration in phage adsorption rates of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella typhimurium.

This study was designed to evaluate the phage-binding receptors on the surface of antibiotic-sensitive Salmonella typhimurium (ASST) and antibiotic-resistant S. typhimurium (ARST). The antibiotic susceptibilities of plasmid-cured ASST and ARST were evaluated against ampicillin, cephalothin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, penicillin, and tetracycline.

Combined effect of bacteriophage and antibiotic on the inhibition of the development of antibiotic resistance in .

This study was designed to evaluate the combined effects of bacteriophage and antibiotic on the reduction of the development of antibiotic-resistance in LT2. The susceptibilities of to ciprofloxacin and erythromycin were increased when treated with bacteriophages, showing more than 10% increase in clear zone sizes and greater than twofold decrease in minimum inhibitory concentration values. The growth of was effectively inhibited by the combination of bacteriophage P22 and ciprofloxacin.

Characterization of β-lactamase- and efflux pump-mediated multiple antibiotic resistance in Typhimurium.

This study aimed to assess the β-lactamase- and efflux pump-mediated antibiotic resistance in Typhimurium (WT-ST), ciprofloxacin-induced antibiotic-resistant . Typhimurium (CI-ST), and clinically-acquired antibiotic-resistant . Typhimurium (CA-ST).

Variability in the Adaptive Response of Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium to Environmental Stresses.

This study was designed to evaluate the resistance phenotype and genotype of wild type (WT)-, cefotaxime (CET)-, and ciprofloxacin (CIP)-induced Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 19585, CIP-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 19585, Salmonella Typhimurium CCARM 8009, and Salmonella Typhimurium KCCM 40253 before and after exposure to pH 4.5, 4% NaCl, and heat at 42°C. The susceptibilities of WT Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 19585 and WT Salmonella Typhimurium KCCM 40253 to all antibiotics tested in this study were decreased after CET and CIP induction with the exception with kanamycin, meropenem, and polymyxin B.

Vanda roxburghii chloroform extract as a potential source of polyphenols with antioxidant and cholinesterase inhibitory activities: identification of a strong phenolic antioxidant.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressively developing neurodegenerative disorder of the brain in the elderly people. Vanda roxburghii Rbr. root has been used traditionally in Bangladesh as tonic to brain and in the treatment of nervous system disorders including AD.