Enhancing Compliance With Preoperative Fasting Guidelines: A Closed-Loop Quality Improvement Initiative to Optimize Patient Safety and Outcomes.

Introduction Preoperative fasting is essential in surgical care to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration during anesthesia. International guidelines, such as those from the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) and the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA), recommend fasting durations of six hours for solids and two hours for clear liquids. However, adherence to these guidelines often varies in clinical practice, leading to prolonged fasting times that can negatively impact patient outcomes, including dehydration, hypoglycemia, discomfort, and delayed recovery.

Mad Honey Poisoning in Nepal: A Case Report.

Widespread vagal activation following honey consumption is a sign of mad honey poisoning. Early initiation and appropriate treatment can prevent fatal outcomes.

Sanitation Facilities in Somali Households: Evidence From a Multilevel Analysis of the 2020 Health and Demographic Survey.

Household sanitation facilities are vital for national development, disease prevention, and health. Despite some progress, many countries, including Somalia, cannot meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030. This study aims to identify the potential factors of utilising sanitation facilities in Somalia using Somalia Health and Demographic Surveys (SHDS)-2020 data.

Growth, Body Composition, and Strength of Children With Cystic Fibrosis Treated With Elexacaftor/Tezacaftor/Ivacaftor (ETI).

Objective: We prospectively monitored rates of change for growth, body mass and composition, muscle strength, and FEV1 in 6-11-year-olds initiating ETI therapy, comparing them to those of US reference children. We assessed factors potentially contributing to rate of change and report ranges of individual variation.

Methods: Body composition was assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and rates of change were analyzed using linear mixed effects regression models.

Effect of low temperature calcination on micro structure of hematite nanoparticles synthesized from waste iron source.

Hematite (α-FeO) nanoparticles have been synthesized from waste source of iron which contains a prominent amount of iron (93.2 %) and investigated the effect of low temperature calcination. The two-step synthesis method involved preparing ferrous sulfate through acid leaching process followed by oxidation and calcination at temperatures ranging from 200 to 400 °C to produce the desired α-FeO in nano form.

Isolated Neutral Organic Radical Unveiled Solvent-Radical Interaction in Highly Reducing Photocatalysis.

Diffusion-limited kinetics is a key mechanistic debate when consecutive photoelectron transfer (conPET) is discussed in photoredox catalysis. In-situ generated organic photoactive radicals can access catalytic systems as reducing as alkaline metals that can activate remarkably stable bonds. However, in many cases, the extremely short-lived transient nature of these doublet state open-shell species has led to debatable mechanistic studies, hindering adoption and development.

Enhancing Access to Mental Health Services for Antepartum and Postpartum Women Through Telemental Health Services at Wellbeing Centers in Selected Health Facilities in Bangladesh: Implementation Research.

Background: Globally, 10% of pregnant women and 13% of postpartum women experience mental disorders. In Bangladesh, nearly 50% of mothers face common mental disorders, but mental health services and trained professionals to serve their needs are scarce. To address this, the government of Bangladesh's Non-Communicable Disease Control program initiated "Wellbeing Centers," telemental health services in selected public hospitals.

Assembly and performance of a cholera RDT prototype that detects both and associated bacteriophage as a proxy for pathogen detection.

Cholera rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are vulnerable to virulent bacteriophage predation. We hypothesized that an enhanced cholera RDT that detects the common virulent bacteriophage ICP1 might serve as a proxy for pathogen detection. We previously developed a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to the ICP1 major capsid protein.

Covalent integration of polymers and porous organic frameworks.

Covalent integration of polymers and porous organic frameworks (POFs), including metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), represent a promising strategy for overcoming the existing limitations of traditional porous materials. This integration allows for the combination of the advantages of polymers, i.e.

Study protocol for COVID-19 breakthrough infections and vaccine-induced immune response among a cohort of healthcare workers, Bangladesh.

Background: To optimize vaccination strategies, it is useful to detect breakthrough infections and assess vaccine effectiveness in programmatic use. Monitoring emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccine effectiveness against them is also essential to determine the most effective vaccine options. This study aims to monitor SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections, the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, and host immune response during the peri-infection period of COVID-19.

Legume intakes on cardiometabolic profile and gut microbiome function: systematic review and meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.

Background: Legumes are widely considered one of the most beneficial food groups to consume. They are high in fibre and plant-based protein as well as naturally low in sodium, saturated fats, and sugars. However, legumes do not feature prominently in the modern diet, and previous evidence syntheses show inconsistent results on cardiometabolic risk profile when increasing legume intakes.

Edibility of cultivated green seaweed Ulva intestinalis from Monkhali Beach, Cox's Bazar coast of Bangladesh: bio-toxicity and heavy metal contents.

Ulva intestinalis (UI) is widely available edible seaweed and has potential to be introduced as functional food items in Bangladesh. However, potential health hazards of this seaweed with biotoxicity assays and its relation to heavy metal contents were not evaluated previously. With these objectives, toxic effects of UI collected from floating raft culture in Monkhali Beach was evaluated using various organisms such as Chlorella vulgaris, Artemia salina, Daphnia magna, and Lactuca sativa.

A machine learning based classifier for topological quantum materials.

Prediction and discovery of new materials with desired properties are at the forefront of quantum science and technology research. A major bottleneck in this field is the computational resources and time complexity related to finding new materials from ab initio calculations. In this work, an effective and robust deep learning-based model is proposed by incorporating persistent homology with graph neural network which offers an accuracy of and an F1 score of in classifying topological versus non-topological materials, outperforming the other state-of-the-art classifier models.

Optimizing Pectin Yield From Burmese Grape () Peels Using Box-Behnken Design and Quality Evaluation.

Pectin, a polysaccharide, is widely used as a gelling and thickening agent in the food industry. This study undertook optimization of pectin extraction from the peels of Lour. (Burmese grape or lotkon), an abundantly grown wild fruit in Bangladesh.

Assessment of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding air pollution among traffic polices in Dhaka city, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The increasing number of motor vehicles in Dhaka city is contributing to a rise in air pollution. Prolonged exposure to vehicle emissions has led to various health issues for everyone, but traffic policies might be particularly affected. This study aims to evaluate their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding air pollution, with the goal of raising awareness and promoting healthier practices to mitigate the adverse effects of pollution.

Whole genome analysis of 26 bacterial strains reveals aromatic and hydrocarbon degrading enzymes from diverse environmental soil samples.

Polycyclic aromatic compounds and petroleum hydrocarbons (PHs) are hazardous pollutants and seriously threaten the environment and human health. However, native microbial communities can adapt to these toxic pollutants, utilize these compounds as a carbon source, and eventually evolve to degrade these toxic contaminants. With this in mind, we isolated 26 bacterial strains from various environmental soil samples.

Evaluating data sharing statements in leading emergency medicine journals: A mixed methods review.

Background: Emergency medicine remains as the front line of healthcare, providing acute care to a diverse population during urgent and critical moments. Our objective was to systematically quantify the prevalence of data sharing statements (DSS) in high-impact emergency medicine journals and assess their implementation by contacting corresponding authors who indicated data available upon request.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis to identify the prevalence and content of data sharing statements in clinical studies published in high impact emergency medicine journals between 2018 and 2023, followed by a hierarchical logistic regression analysis to identify variables impacting the incorporation of data sharing statements into emergency medicine studies.

Determinants of vaccination status among Somali children: evidence from a Countrywide cross-sectional survey.

Background: Immunization is the process of administering a vaccine to stimulate the development of immunity against an infectious agent, with the primary goal of preventing the illness that the infection causes. The authors aim to examine determinants of vaccination coverage among Somali children.

Methods: The authors used secondary data from the Somali Demographic Health Survey (SDHS)-2020.

Two sides of the same coin: Weathering differences of plastic fragments in coastal environments around the globe.

Plastic debris in coastal environments usually undergoes weathering due to various environmental conditions. However, the weathering effects on exposed and shaded sides of the same plastics are underexplored. In this study, 1573 plastic fragments were collected from 15 coastal sites worldwide between December 2021 and December 2022, and weathering experiments were conducted outdoors.

Relationship between functional independence and community integration of people with spinal cord injury in Bangladesh.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To determine the functional outcome and home and social integration of people who had spinal cord injury and completed their inpatient rehabilitation.

Setting: Centre for the Rehabilitation of the Paralysed (CRP), Bangladesh.

Tryptanthrins as multi-bioactive agents: discovery, diversity distribution and synthesis.

Tryptanthrin and its derivatives, representing a type of alkaloids with indoloquinazoline structures, were first obtained from blue plants and indigo, and then extracted from fungi, marine bacteria and a number of many other natural sources. Various strategies for their chemical synthesis have been reported while tryptanthrin biosynthesis has been less investigated. Tryptanthrin and its derivative products have a broad range of pharmacological and biological functions.

Exploration of the micellization behavior of sodium dodecyl sulfate in aqueous solution of gastric enzyme pepsin: Assessment of the consequences of sodium electrolytes and temperature.

This study explores the interactions between pepsin and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) using conductometric analysis and molecular docking to deepen our understanding of the role of pepsin. Conductometric studies were conducted to examine the micellization behavior of SDS with pepsin in aqueous solutions of various sodium electrolytes (NaBr, Na₂SO₄, Na₃PO₄, and CH₃COONa) at temperatures ranging from 300.55 K to 320.

Distinct amino acid substitutions in the EEV glycoprotein and DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of lumpy skin disease virus identified in wetland areas of Bangladesh.

The recent outbreak of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) in the wetland areas of Bangladesh presents a significant concern for both animal health and regional biosecurity. Epidemiological investigations into nine major outbreaks in the wetland areas revealed distinctive clinical symptoms in affected cattle, including elevated body temperature, excessive salivation, and the presence of skin nodules. Histopathological examination unveiled larger nodules compared to previous outbreaks, along with signs of secondary infection.