Dengue Investigation Research in Bangladesh: Insights From a Scoping Review.

Background And Aims: A more accurate assessment of the disease's incidence and fatality rate over the previous years could help with future outbreak detection and containment. Therefore, this scoping review was conducted to compile the results of research on dengue investigation in Bangladesh in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and practices; risk factors; clinical presentations; and stereotypes of dengue.

Methods: The final analysis included 27 studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria.

Dataset on the patterns of livelihood diversification in farming systems of the Eastern Gangetic Plains of South Asia.

The Eastern Gangetic Plains (EGP) region, characterized by smallholder-dominated farming, is experiencing rapid socio-economic and environmental changes. To enhance resilience, income stability, and food security, smallholders are increasingly diversifying their livelihoods away from traditional agriculture. However, the patterns and drivers of this diversification remain poorly understood.

Bronchodilator responsiveness and future chronic airflow obstruction: a multinational longitudinal study.

Background: Bronchodilator responsiveness testing is mainly used for diagnosing asthma. We aimed to investigate whether it is associated with progression to chronic airflow obstruction over time.

Methods: The multinational Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease cohort study surveyed adults, aged 40 years and above, at baseline and followed them up after a mean of 9.

Determinants of oral cavity cancer recurrence in Pakistan: findings from a cross-sectional study using an institutional cancer registry.

Introduction: Pakistan has a high prevalence of oral cavity cancer (OCC) with a significant recurrence rate. This study aims to explore the factors associated with OCC recurrence in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) Karachi, Pakistan, using data from the AKUH Cancer Registry.

15-Year trends, predictors, and outcomes of heart failure hospitalization complicating first acute myocardial infarction in the modern percutaneous coronary intervention era.

Aims: Heart failure (HF) following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a global health concern, but data on risk factors associated with HF hospitalization post-AMI are limited.

Methods And Results: We analysed data from the Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project, including patients admitted with AMI from 1 January 2006 to 31 March 2019. Data linkage with Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care and the Office for National Statistics facilitated a longitudinal analysis.

Adaptive digital twin integration with multilevel inverter control for energy efficient smart rehabilitation systems.

This research proposes an innovative framework integrating adaptive Digital Twin (DT) models with Multi-Level Inverter (MLI) control to improve energy efficiency in advanced rehabilitation systems. By utilizing real-time monitoring and adaptive adjustment of power parameters through DT technology, the method achieves precise and dynamic control of devices such as prosthetics and exoskeletons. The incorporation of MLI ensures smooth and efficient power delivery, reducing harmonic distortion and enhancing overall energy utilization.

Ischaemic and bleeding risk after ST-elevation myocardial infarction in patients with active cancer: a nationwide study.

Aims: Treatment of patients with cancer presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is complex given the increased risk of both thrombotic and major bleeding complications.

Methods And Results: A nationally linked cohort of STEMI patients between January 2005 and March 2019 was obtained from the UK Myocardial Infarction National Audit Project and the UK National Hospital Episode Statistics Admitted Patient Care registries. The primary outcomes were major bleeding and re-infarction at 1 year following admission with STEMI.

Performance evaluation of Rayto RT-7600Vet hematology analyzer in side-by-side comparison with manual hematological methods for apparently healthy Cholistani cattle blood.

The present study is the first from Pakistan being reported with an objective to assess performance of Rayto RT-7600Vet hematology analyzer (HA) for Cholistani cattle blood (n = 134), in comparison to the manual hematological methods. The four hematological attributes viz. total erythrocyte count (TEC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and platelet count (PLT) were deduced through HA (A) and manual (M) methods.

Comparative study of stigma and discrimination among vaccinated and non-vaccinated COVID-19 survivors in Bangladesh.

This study investigates the stigmatized experiences of vaccinated and non-vaccinated COVID-19 survivors in Bangladesh, emphasizing the factors contributing to stigma, the lived realities of stigmatization, and strategies for mitigating discrimination. Employing a qualitative comparative case study approach, the research draws on interviews with 22 survivors (13 non-vaccinated and 9 vaccinated) conducted during two critical phases of the pandemic: July-August 2020 and October 2022-April 2023. The findings reveal that stigma and discrimination were pervasive, stemming from deep-seated fears of death and infection, exacerbated by public health measures such as lockdowns, public announcements, and the symbolic marking of houses with red flags.

A real-world experience of efficacy and safety of belantamab mafodotin in relapsed refractory multiple myeloma.

While initial trials led to the accelerated approval of belantamab mafodotin, a BCMA-directed antibody-drug conjugate, confirmatory trials failed to establish benefit from this therapy for patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM), eventually leading to its withdrawal from commercial use. With an imminent approval as an effective combination therapy, as seen in recent randomized trials, we report real-world clinical outcomes with belantamab mafodotin in 81 RRMM patients. With a median of 5 (range 2-15) prior lines of therapy, 92, 45, and 15% of the patients were triple-class refractory, penta-class refractory, and BCMA-refractory.

Efficient Computation of High-Dimensional Penalized Piecewise Constant Hazard Random Effects Models.

Identifying and characterizing relationships between treatments, exposures, or other covariates and time-to-event outcomes has great significance in a wide range of biomedical settings. In research areas such as multi-center clinical trials, recurrent events, and genetic studies, proportional hazard mixed effects models (PHMMs) are used to account for correlations observed in clusters within the data. In high dimensions, proper specification of the fixed and random effects within PHMMs is difficult and computationally complex.

Impact of urea-molasses treated wheat straw levels in total mixed rations on growth and nutrient digestibility in Azikheli buffalo calves.

This study investigates the impact of urea molasses-treated wheat straw on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in Azikheli buffalo male calves. A longitudinal experiment was conducted on sixteen calves, randomly assigned to four experimental dietary treatments (n = 4 per group). The experimental diets included a control group (U0) with untreated wheat straw and three groups where urea molasses-treated wheat straw replaced 33% (U33), 66% (U66), or 100% (U100) of the straw in the total mixed ration.

The stability and in vitro digestion of resveratrol-loaded emulsion stabilized with peanut protein hydrolysate and dextran conjugate.

In this study, resveratrol emulsion was constructed using peanut protein isolate hydrolysate (HPPI) and dextran (Dex) conjugate (HPPI-Dex) as carriers. The interfacial properties of HPPI-Dex and the stability and digestion characteristics of the emulsion were investigated. The results showed that HPPI-Dex had lower interfacial tension, and the encapsulation rate of resveratrol in HPPI-Dex emulsion reached 97.

Association of quality of care and long-term mortality risk for individuals presenting with ST-segment myocardial infarction (STEMI) by diabetes mellitus status: A nationwide cohort study.

Aims: This study aimed to assess how diabetes influences the quality of care and longer-term outcomes in contemporary STEMI cohorts.

Methods: We analysed 283,658 adults hospitalised with STEMI from the United Kingdom Myocardial Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) registry between 2005 and 2019. This was linked with Office of National Statistics data to provide out of hospital mortality outcomes.

Interlukin-23 inhibitors as an induction and maintenance therapy for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background And Objective: Targeting the interleukin (IL)-23 axis is an emerging treatment target for ulcerative colitis (UC), with several positive randomized controlled trials (RCTs). We aim to investigate the safety and efficacy of IL-23 inhibitors for the induction and maintenance treatment of moderate to severe UC.

Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing evidence from RCTs obtained from PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception to August 2024.

Prognostic and molecular multi-platform analysis of CALGB 40603 (Alliance) and public triple-negative breast cancer datasets.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and heterogeneous disease that remains challenging to target with traditional therapies and to predict risk. We provide a comprehensive characterization of 238 stage II-III TNBC tumors with paired RNA and DNA sequencing data from the CALGB 40603 (Alliance) clinical trial, along with 448 stage II-III TNBC tumors with paired RNA and DNA data from three additional datasets. We identify DNA mutations associated with RNA-based subtypes, specific TP53 missense mutations compatible with potential neoantigen activity, and a consistently highly altered copy number landscape.

New persistent opioid use among patients with behavioral health disorders following major surgery.

Background: Patients with substance use or mental health disorders may have differential responses to pain after surgery, which may result in higher opioid use. We sought to characterize the association of behavioral health disorders with new persistent opioid use after a major surgical procedure.

Methods: Patients who underwent a major surgical procedure between 2013 and 2020 were identified using the IBM-MarketScan database.

Effectiveness of Distal Sodium Channel Blocks in Managing Cervical Radiculopathy.

Objective: To find the effectiveness of distal sodium channel blocks (DSCB) in managing cervical radiculopathy.

Study Design: Open-labelled single-group pilot study. Place and Duration of the Study: Pain Clinic of the Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from January to June 2022.

Practicality meets precision: Wearable vest with integrated multi-channel PCG sensors for effective coronary artery disease pre-screening.

The leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide is cardiovascular disease (CVD), with coronary artery disease (CAD) being the largest sub-category. Unfortunately, myocardial infarction or stroke can manifest as the first symptom of CAD, underscoring the crucial importance of early disease detection. Hence, there is a global need for a cost-effective, non-invasive, reliable, and easy-to-use system to pre-screen CAD.

Heart Failure in Black Populations: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Treatment Disparities.

Heart failure (HF) remains a significant health challenge globally, placing a heavy burden on individuals, families, and healthcare systems. The prevalence of HF continues to rise, posing substantial public health concerns. This burden is particularly pronounced among the Black Population, who face higher prevalence, earlier onset, and greater severity of HF compared to other racial and ethnic groups.

Assessing oral Health-Related quality of life in women undergoing chemotherapy for breast Cancer in Karachi Pakistan.

Introduction: In Pakistan, women undergoing chemotherapy are usually unaware of the potential impact of the treatment on their oral health related quality of life. This study aims to assess the impact of chemotherapy on oral health related quality of life.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 breast cancer (BC) patients on chemotherapy coming to Aga Khan Hospital and Jinnah Postgraduate medical center.

Metabolomic insights into amphetamine-type stimulant misuse: unraveling biochemical pathways and biomarkers.

Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS), such as methamphetamine, amphetamine, and MDMA, are highly risky substances linked to neurochemical disruptions, metabolic disturbances, and systemic toxicity. Despite substantial research on their neurotoxic effects, the metabolic pathways involved in ATS dependence remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the metabolic signatures associated with ATS dependence using NMR-based metabolomics to identify systemic metabolic disruptions related to chronic ATS use.