Type I Interferon Targets Alveolar Macrophages to Promote Bacterial Pneumonia after Viral Infection.

Exposure to influenza A virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is well-known to increase the risk of pneumonia in humans. Type I interferon (IFN-I) is a hallmark response to acute viral infections, and alveolar macrophages (AMs) constitute the first line of airway defense against opportunistic bacteria. Our study reveals that virus-induced IFN-I receptor (IFNAR1) signaling directly impairs AM-dependent antibacterial protection.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of meat hygiene among slaughterhouse workers and retail meat sellers in Bangladesh.

Inadequate handling of raw meat leading to cross-contamination, often stemming from insufficient knowledge and practices among meat handlers, poses a significant global health challenge, especially in developing nations where food-borne diseases are prevalent. Effective understanding and implementation of preventive measures by meat handlers are essential in reducing the incidence of food-borne illnesses and the contamination of raw meat. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding meat hygiene among retail meat sellers and slaughterhouse personnel in the Bogura district of Bangladesh.

Molecular and Serological Detection of in Dairy Cattle From Sylhet, Bangladesh: Implications for Zoonotic Transmission.

This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and molecular detection of () in dairy cattle using ELISA and PCR techniques. A total of 500 samples (250 blood and 250 milk) were collected from various farms in Sylhet, Bangladesh. The seroprevalence was found to be 5.

Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Salmonella spp. Recovered From Migratory and Captive Wild Birds.

Background: Salmonella spp., especially those are resistant to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL), are considered as major concern to global health due to their emergence and dissemination.

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the virulence and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profile of Salmonella spp.

Detection of sleep arousal from STFT-based instantaneous features of single channel EEG signal.

Sleep arousal, a frequent interruption in sleep with complete or partial wakefulness from sleep, may indicate a breathing disorder, neurological disorder, or sleep-related disorders. These phenomena necessitate the detection of sleep arousals. Uses of deep learning methods to detect features inhibits the scope to understand the specific distinctive nature of the signals and reduces the interpretability of the model.

silver chloride nanoparticles and mediated silver/silver chloride nanoparticles inhibit human hepatocellular and lung cancer cell lines.

Recently, we have reported that biogenic silver/silver chloride nanoparticles from (-AgCl-NPs) and (-Ag/AgCl-NPs) inhibited different cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and several genes alteration. Here for the first time, we assessed the effects of these two nanoparticles on human lung (A549) and hepatocellular (SMMC-7721) carcinoma cell lines. AgCl-NPs and -Ag/AgCl-NPs inhibited A549 cell growth with IC values of 22.

The Re-Emergence of Mpox: Old Illness, Modern Challenges.

The Mpox virus (MPXV) is known to cause zoonotic disease in humans. The virus belongs to the genus Orthopoxvirus, of the family Poxviridae, and was first reported in monkeys in 1959 in Denmark and in humans in 1970 in the Congo. MPXV first appeared in the U.

Alocasia macrorrhiza rhizome lectin inhibits growth of pathogenic bacteria and human lung cancer cell in vitro and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cell in vivo in mice.

Cancer and antibiotic resistance represent significant global challenges, affecting public health and healthcare systems worldwide. Lectin, a carbohydrate-binding protein, displays various biological properties, including antimicrobial and anticancer activities. This study focused on anticancer and antibacterial properties of Alocasia macrorrhiza lectin (AML).

IL-10 Counteracts IFN-γ to Alleviate Acute Lung Injury in a Viral-Bacterial Superinfection Model.

Immune activation is essential for lung control of viral and bacterial infection, but an overwhelming inflammatory response often leads to the onset of acute respiratory distress syndrome. IL-10 plays a crucial role in regulating the balance between antimicrobial immunity and immunopathology. In the present study, we investigated the role of IL-10 in acute lung injury induced by influenza A virus and methicillin-resistant coinfection.

Antitumor Activity of a Lectin Purified from Pulps against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) Cells.

Background: Lectins are carbohydrate-binding proteins with various pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and anticancer. Punica granatum fruit extract has traditional uses, however, the anti-cancer activity of purified lectin isolated from P. granatum pulp is yet to be reported.

The novel immunobiotic S-45-5 displays broad-spectrum antiviral activity and by inducing immune modulation.

is known as a probiotic butyric acid bacterium that can improve the intestinal environment. In this study, we isolated a new strain of from infant feces and evaluated its physiological characteristics and antiviral efficacy by modulating the innate immune responses and . The isolated S-45-5 showed typical characteristics of including bile acid resistance, antibacterial ability, and growth promotion of various lactic acid bacteria.

Immune predisposition drives susceptibility to pneumococcal pneumonia after mild influenza A virus infection in mice.

Introduction: A frequent sequela of influenza A virus (IAV) infection is secondary bacterial pneumonia. Therefore, it is clinically important to understand the genetic predisposition to IAV and bacterial coinfection.

Methods: BALB/c and C57BL/6 (B6) mice were infected with high or low-pathogenic IAV and ().

Implementation of jute-based nose holder in surgical masks to reduce plastic contamination.

Plastic, in all its forms, always harms the environment, humans, and other living organisms. The coronavirus situation exacerbates the use of plastic products more than at any other time, of which surgical masks contribute to plastic pollution the most. These masks spread to terrestrial and aquatic environments, where they break down into even more noxious microplastics.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus non-structural protein 2B downregulates the RLR signaling pathway degradation of RIG-I and MDA5.

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus containing at least 13 proteins. Many of these proteins show immune modulation capabilities. As a non-structural protein of the FMDV, 2B is involved in the rearrangement of the host cell membranes and the disruption of the host secretory pathway as a viroporin.

Type I IFN Signaling Protects Mice from Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Neuroinvasion.

Multiple organ damage is common in patients with severe COVID-19, even though the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain unclear. Acute viral infection typically activates type I IFN (IFN-I) signaling. The antiviral role of IFN-I is well characterized in vitro.

IFN-γ transforms the transcriptomic landscape and triggers myeloid cell hyperresponsiveness to cause lethal lung injury.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is an inflammatory disease that is associated with high mortality but no specific treatment. Our understanding of initial events that trigger ARDS pathogenesis is limited. We have developed a mouse model of inflammatory lung injury by influenza and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) coinfection plus daily antibiotic therapy.

A candidate multi-epitope vaccine against Lumpy skin disease.

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a fulminant infectious disease that mostly affects cattle and causes considerable economic loss throughout the globe. This study was conducted to develop a new multi-epitope-based vaccine against LSD that can elicit immunological responses using an in silico reverse vaccinology approach. Initially, three antigenic proteins, protein E5, E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase LAP and 62 kDa protein, were manipulated to recognize potential T-cell and B-cell epitopes.

Type I IFN Signaling Is Essential for Preventing IFN-γ Hyperproduction and Subsequent Deterioration of Antibacterial Immunity during Postinfluenza Pneumococcal Infection.

Postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia is a significant cause of hospitalization and death in humans. The mechanisms underlying this viral and bacterial synergy remain incompletely understood. Recent evidence indicates that influenza-induced IFNs, particularly type I IFN (IFN-I) and IFN-γ, suppress antibacterial defenses.

Prevalence and Demographic, Socioeconomic, and Behavioral Risk Factors of Self-Reported Symptoms of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among Ever-Married Women: Evidence from Nationally Representative Surveys in Bangladesh.

Sexually transmitted infections (STI) symptoms (e.g., abnormal genital discharge and genital sores/ulcers) are a major public health concern in Bangladesh because the symptoms can indicate an STI and cause sexual and reproductive health complications in women of reproductive age.

Molecular Detection of Colistin Resistance - Gene in Multidrug-Resistant Isolated from Chicken.

Zoonotic and antimicrobial-resistant (hereafter, ) is a global public health threat which can lead to detrimental effects on human health. Here, we aim to investigate the antimicrobial resistance and the presence of gene in isolated from chicken feces. Ninety-four isolates were obtained from samples collected from different locations in Bangladesh, and the isolates were identified using conventional microbiological tests.

Knowledge, Attitudes, and Common Practices of Livestock and Poultry Veterinary Practitioners Regarding the AMU and AMR in Bangladesh.

Current evidence indicates that more than half of all antimicrobials are used in the animal food-producing sector, which is considered a significant risk factor for the development, spread, and existence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) pathogens in animals, humans, and the environment. Among other factors, clinical etiology and the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of veterinarians are thought to be responsible for inappropriate prescriptions in the animal-source protein production sector in lower-resource settings like Bangladesh. We performed this cross-sectional study to assess factors associated with veterinarians' antimicrobial prescription behavior and their KAP on antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR in Bangladesh.

Molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of Canine Parvovirus (CPV) in diarrhoeic pet dogs in Bangladesh.

Since its emergence, Canine Parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) has been considered as a deadly pathogen in dogs with high mortality in puppies for its clinical gastroenteritis and severe haemorrhagic diarrhoea. Although several studies on CPV-2 were conducted in Bangladesh, molecular investigation is poorly understood. The aim of the study was molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of CPV in diarrhoeic pet dogs.

Investigation of Conserved miRNAs and Their Targets From the Expressed Sequence Tags in Genome.

is a protozoan parasite, the etiologic agent of Neosporosis-a common cause of abortion in cattle worldwide. Herd level prevalence of Neosporosis could be as high as 90%. However, there is no approved treatment and vaccines available for Neosporosis.

Genomic diversity and molecular dynamics interaction on mutational variances among RB domains of SARS-CoV-2 interplay drug inactivation.

The scientific community has been releasing whole genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 to facilitate the investigation of molecular features and evolutionary history. We retrieved 36 genomes of 18 prevalent countries of Asia, Europe and America for genomic diversity and mutational analysis. Besides, we studied mutations in the RBD regions of Spike (S) proteins to analyze the drug efficiency against these mutations.