Variations of Indole Metabolites and NRPS-PKS Loci in Two Different Virulent Strains of .

ANU1 is known to be an entomopathogenic bacterium symbiotic to nematode . Another bacterial strain DY1 was isolated from a local population of . This bacterial strain DY1 was found to exhibit high insecticidal activities against lepidopteran and coleopteran species after hemocoelic injection.

Variation in pathogenicity of different strains of Xenorhabdus nematophila; Differential immunosuppressive activities and secondary metabolite production.

Xenorhabdus nematophila, an entomopathogenic bacterium, is mutualistic with the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae. The bacterium produces secondary metabolites to inhibit target insect phospholipase A (PLA) and induce immunosuppression, which is required for the pathogenicity of this bacterium-nematode complex. However, it was unclear if immunosuppressive intensity of the bacteria was correlated with their insecticidal potency.

Biosynthetic pathway of arachidonic acid in Spodoptera exigua in response to bacterial challenge.

Eicosanoids play crucial roles in mediating insect immune responses. In vertebrates, phospholipase A (PLA) releases arachidonic acid (AA) from phospholipids (PLs) for biosynthesis of various eicosanoids. However, little AA is found in PLs of lepidopteran insects.

Theileria annulata seroprevalence among different cattle breeds in Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh.

An epidemiological survey of Theileria annulata infection was undertaken in a cattle population in Rajshahi Division, Bangladesh. The local cattle breeds from the area (North Bengal Gray and Deshi) and crosses between the local breeds and Holstein cattle were predominantly screened. In total, 192 cattle serum samples were collected in two areas of Rajshahi Division, the Rajshahi District (n=147) and Natore District (n=45).