Publications by authors named "Md Akbar"

Dissolved gases such as oxygen (DO) and ammonia (dNH) are among the most consequential parameters for the assessment of water quality. Since the concentrations of DO and dNH are interdependent through the nitrogen cycle, simultaneous monitoring can be useful in many applications. For example, in wastewater treatment, aeration baths are used to adjust the rate of removal of ammonia by the bioactive sludge.

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  • - The study explores the socio-cultural experiences of women in Bihar, India, following stillbirth and neonatal death, based on interviews with a representative sample of 7,270 births from July 2020 to June 2021.
  • - Out of those interviewed, many women reported receiving emotional support from their spouses, but a significant portion also faced negative experiences, such as insensitive comments or blame from family members, particularly mothers-in-law.
  • - The findings highlight the need for better support systems for women experiencing these losses, as a substantial number were encouraged to forget about their babies instead of receiving appropriate coping mechanisms.
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that causes distinctive inflammatory symptoms and affects over 21 million people worldwide. RA is characterized by severe discomfort, swelling, and degradation of the bone and cartilage, further impairing joint function. The current study investigates the antiarthritic effect of a methanolic extract of (methanolic extract of , MEAP), an aromatic herb.

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  • Monochloramine (MCA) is used in drinking water treatment to eliminate pathogens, but its production needs careful control to prevent harmful byproducts like dichloramine (DCA) and trichloramine (TCA).
  • Current methods for measuring MCA rely on reagents and aren't suitable for continuous monitoring due to interference from other oxidants.
  • A new sensing method using few-layer graphene (FLG) chemiresistors allows for low-cost, reagent-free, and continuous quantification of MCA in water, requiring an array of at least three sensors for accurate monitoring.
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Background:  Online video hosting websites such as YouTube have been increasingly used by medical institutions to spread information about new and exciting topics. However, due to the large number of videos uploaded daily and the lack of peer review, few attempts have been made to assess the quantity and quality of information that is uploaded on YouTube. For this study, our team assessed the available content on the transoral robotic surgery (TORS) procedure.

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Background: Despite the evidence on the poor quality of antenatal care (ANC) services, significant gap remains in the understanding of quality-adjusted coverage at the population-level for each ANC visit and by the source of ANC services, and in equity in this coverage.

Methods: All births between July 2020 and June 2021 were listed from 261,124 households (91.5% participation) representative of the Bihar state.

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  • A late post-traumatic seizure (LPTS) can lead to post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) in TBI patients, but the mechanism behind this progression is still unclear, prompting research into prediction and biomarkers.
  • A study analyzed data from 48 TBI patients using advanced classification techniques to differentiate between those with and without LPTS while managing missing data through innovative methods.
  • The study introduced two new algorithms for data processing and found that one, called IDSF, performed best in distinguishing LPTS patients; it also identified specific MRI abnormalities as potential biomarkers for future prediction.
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is often applied to the motor cortex to stimulate a collection of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in groups of peripheral muscles. The causal interface between TMS and MEP is the selective activation of neurons in the motor cortex; moving around the TMS 'spot' over the motor cortex causes different MEP responses. A question of interest is whether a collection of MEP responses can be used to identify the stimulated locations on the cortex, which could potentially be used to then place the TMS coil to produce chosen sets of MEPs.

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In the realm of photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) systems, optimizing operating temperatures for photovoltaic (PV) panels is a challenge. This study introduces a novel solution: a sprayed water PVT system that simultaneously harnesses energy and electricity. The aim is twofold: generate electricity through PV panels and produce hot water via a flat plate collector, using an innovative cooling mechanism.

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Disinfection of water is essential to prevent the growth of pathogens, but at high levels, it can cause harm to human health. Therefore, accurate monitoring of disinfectant concentrations in water is essential to ensure safe drinking water. The use of multiple disinfectants at different stages in water treatment plants makes it necessary to also identify the type and concentrations of all of the disinfectant species present.

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(Amaranthaceae) is a most important plant in the Indian medicinal system of Unani, Ayurveda, and Sidha. It is distributed throughout tropical countries particularly this medicinal herb is found as a weed all over India. The antibiotic-resistant bacteria treatment, many medicinal plants act as alternatives to antibiotics and are considered new resources for producing agents.

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The orientations of crystal growth significantly affect the operating characteristics of elastic and inelastic deformation in semiconductor nanowires (NWs). This work uses molecular dynamics simulation to extensively investigate the orientation-dependent mechanical properties and fracture mechanisms of zinc blende ZnTe NWs. Three different crystal orientations, including [100], [110], and [111], coupled with temperatures (100 to 600 K) on the fracture stress and elastic modulus, are thoroughly studied.

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Introduction: We report on the stillbirth rate (SBR) and associated risk factors for births during the COVID-19 pandemic, and change in SBR between prepandemic (2016) and pandemic periods in the Indian state of Bihar.

Methods: Births between July 2020 and June 2021 (91.5% participation) representative of Bihar were listed.

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Phosphate is important for plant and animal growth. Therefore, it is commonly added as a fertilizer in agricultural fields. Phosphorus is typically measured using colorimetric or electrochemical sensors.

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purpose of immunization is the effective cellular and humoral immune response against antigens. Several studies on novel vaccin delivery approaches such as micro-particles, liposomes & nanoparticles, etc against infectious diseases have been investigated so far. In contrast to the conventional approaches in vaccin development, a virosomeased vaccine represent the next generation in the field of immunization because of its balance betweefficacy and tolerability by virtue of mechanism of immune instigation.

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Objectives: We undertook assessment of quality of antenatal care (ANC) services in public sector facilities in the Indian state of Bihar state delivered under the national ANC programme (Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan, PMSMA).

Setting: Three community health centres and one subdistrict hospital each in two randomly selected districts of Bihar.

Participants: Pregnant women who sought ANC services under PMSMA irrespective of the pregnancy trimester.

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For physicians to make rapid clinical decisions for patients with congestive heart failure, the assessment of pulmonary edema severity in chest radiographs is vital. Although deep learning has shown promise in detecting the presence or absence or discrete grades of severity, of such edema, prediction of continuous-valued severity yet remains a challenge. Here, we propose PENet: Siamese convolutional neural networks to assess the continuous spectrum of severity of lung edema from chest radiographs.

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Objective: A large proportion of neonatal deaths in India are attributable to low birth weight (LBW). We report population-based distribution and determinants of birth weight in Bihar state, and on the perceptions about birth weight among carers.

Design: A cross-sectional household survey in a state representative sample of 6007 live births born in 2018-2019.

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In this study, we demonstrate that a highly pH-sensitive substrate could be fabricated by controlling the type and defect density of graphene derivatives. Nanomaterials from single-layer graphene resembling a defect-free structure to few-layer graphene and graphene oxide with high defect density were used to demonstrate the pH-sensing mechanisms of graphene. We show the presence of three competing mechanisms of pH sensitivity, including the availability of functional groups, the electrochemical double layer, and the ion trapping that determines the overall pH response.

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In this study, we have thoroughly investigated the tensile mechanical behavior of monolayer XN (X = Ga, In) using molecular dynamics simulations. The effects of temperature (100 to 800 K) and point vacancies (PVs, 0.1 to 1%) on fracture stress, strain, and elastic modulus of GaN and InN are studied.

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Free chlorine is the most commonly used water disinfectant. Measuring its concentration during and after water treatment is crucial to ensure its effectiveness. However, many of the existing methods do not allow for continuous on-line monitoring.

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Because of the rapid shrinking trend of integrated circuits, the performances of nanodevices and nanomechanical systems are greatly affected by the joule heating and mechanical failure dilemma. In addition, structural defects are inevitable during experimental synthesis of nanomaterials, which may alter their physical properties significantly. Investigation of the thermal transport and mechanical behavior of nanostructured materials with structural defects is thus a crucial requirement.

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Dementia is a neurodegenerative condition that is considered a major factor contributing to cognitive decline that reduces independent function. Pathophysiological pathways are not well defined for neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia; however, published evidence has shown the role of numerous inflammatory processes in the brain contributing toward their pathology. Microglia of the central nervous system (CNS) are the principal components of the brain's immune defence system and can detect harmful or external pathogens.

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Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious condition, potentially causing seizures and other lifelong disabilities. Patients who experience at least one seizure one week after TBI (late seizure) are at high risk for lifelong complications of TBI, such as post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE). Identifying which TBI patients are at risk of developing seizures remains a challenge.

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