Enhanced isolation of lipids from microalgal biomass with high water content for biodiesel production.

In present study, lipids were extracted from unbroken microalga Chlorella vulgaris with high water content (50% microalgal solution) through three-phase partitioning (TPP). The method was found to extract around 15.9% of total lipid transformable to methyl esters (LTMEs) from unbroken microalgal cells which is two times of Bligh and Dyer method.

Relative contributions of the correlates of stunting in explaining the mean length-for-age z-score difference between 24-month-old stunted and non-stunted children living in a slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh: results from a decomposition analysis.

Objective: Using MAL-ED (Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health) Bangladesh birth cohort data, we sought to measure the relative contributions of the most predictive correlates of stunting to mean length-for-age z (LAZ) score difference between stunted and non-stunted children at 24 months of age.

Setting: Dhaka, Bangladesh PARTICIPANTS: 211 slum-dwelling children enrolled within 17 days of their birth.

Variables And Method: The explanatory variables were identified from the following groups: maternal characteristics, birth characteristics, macronutrient intake, socioeconomic status, morbidity and serum micronutrient level.

Understanding hypothyroidism in Unani medicine.

Hypothyroidism (Qillat-e-Ifraz-e-Darqiyya) is a condition where the thyroid gland is underactive and unable to produce enough thyroid hormone. The description of hypothyroidism as a disease is not directly found in Unani texts. However, the signs and symptom of hypothyroidism resemble the clinical manifestation associated with Su-e-Mizaj Barid Maddi (derangement in cold temperament), such as plethora (Imtila), excessive salivation (Kasrat-e-Luabe-e-Dahan), tiredness (Aa'yan), loss of appetite (Zoaf-e-Ishteha), excessive sleeping (Kasrat-e-Naum) and cold skin (Baroodat-e-Jildia).

Screening for coeliac disease in children and adults living in a slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Background And Objective: Serological screening with a confirmation through biopsy has improved the understanding of coeliac disease (CD) epidemiology worldwide. Prevalence of CD in Bangladesh is not yet explored and therefore, we aimed to assess the seroprevalence of CD in slum-dwelling malnourished children and adults in Dhaka.

Methods: Serum samples were collected from three different cohorts: stunted (length-for-age Z-scores (LAZ) <-2) and at risk of stunting children (LAZ <-1 to -2) and malnourished adults (body mass index <18.

Gene shaving using a sensitivity analysis of kernel based machine learning approach, with applications to cancer data.

Background: Gene shaving (GS) is an essential and challenging tools for biomedical researchers due to the large number of genes in human genome and the complex nature of biological networks. Most GS methods are not applicable to non-linear and multi-view data sets. While the kernel based methods can overcome these problems, a well-founded positive definite kernel based GS method has yet to be proposed for biomedical data analysis.

Levocarnitine Improves AlCl-Induced Spatial Working Memory Impairment in Mice.

Aluminum, a neurotoxic substance, causes oxidative stress induced-neurodegenerative diseases. Several lines of evidence suggest that levocarnitine has an antioxidant effect and also plays an important role in beta-oxidation of fatty acids. However, the role of levocarnitine in aluminum-induced neurotoxicity has not been well documented.

High Carbohydrate High Fat Diet Induced Hepatic Steatosis and Dyslipidemia Were Ameliorated by Leaf Powder Supplementation in Rats.

leaf is reported to contain many bioactive polyphenols which play an important role in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Our investigation aimed to study the effect of leaf powder supplementation on obesity and liver status by using experimental rats. To study the effects of guava leaf supplementation in high fat diet induced obesity, rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=7), control (group I), control + guava leaf (group II), HCHF (group III), and HCHF + guava leaf (group IV).

Stem Cell Therapy for Cirrhosis of Liver in Bangladesh: Specific Design Compatible for Developing Country.

Aims And Objectives: To assess the safety and efficacy of stem cell therapy in patients with cirrhosis of the liver (LC) in the context of developing country with limited facilities for cell-based therapy and advanced technologies.

Materials And Methods: A total of 34 patients received granulocyte colony-stimulating factor at a dose of 30 IU, daily for 2 to 11 days to upregulate the numbers of white blood cells and stem cells. Subsequently, stem cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of LC patients in a closed chamber using a harvesting machine.

First-Principles and Empirical Approaches to Predicting In Vitro Dissolution for Pharmaceutical Formulation and Process Development and for Product Release Testing.

This manuscript represents the perspective of the Dissolution Working Group of the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development (IQ) and of two focus groups of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS): Process Analytical Technology (PAT) and In Vitro Release and Dissolution Testing (IVRDT). The intent of this manuscript is to show recent progress in the field of in vitro predictive dissolution modeling and to provide recommended general approaches to developing in vitro predictive dissolution models for both early- and late-stage formulation/process development and batch release. Different modeling approaches should be used at different stages of drug development based on product and process understanding available at those stages.

Brain-targeted glycyrrhizic-acid-loaded surface decorated nanoparticles for treatment of cerebral ischaemia and its toxicity assessment.

Objective: Enhancement of CS-GA-PCL-NPs (Glycyrrhizic Acid-encapsulated-chitosan-coated-PCL-Nanoparticles) bioavailability in brain.

Methods: Double emulsification solvent evaporation method in order to develop CS-PCL-NPs (Chitosan-coated-PCL-Nanoparticles) followed by characterization of particle size and distribution, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and drug release (in vitro). To determine drug-uptake and its pharmacokinetic profile in brain as well as plasma, UHPLC (triple quadrupole Q-trap) MS/MS method was developed and optimized for CS-GA-PCL-NPs as well as to follow-up examined effective role of optimized NPs in reduction of all brain injury parameters after MCAO through the grip strength, locomotor activity, inflammatory cytokines levels, measurement of infarction volume and histopathological changes in neurons with safety/toxicity after i.

Chronic Suppression of Hypothalamic Cell Proliferation and Neurogenesis Induces Aging-Like Changes in Sleep-Wake Organization in Young Mice.

Aging is associated with sleep-wake disruption, dampening of circadian amplitudes, and a reduced homeostatic sleep response. Aging is also associated with a decline in hypothalamic cell proliferation. We hypothesized that the aging-related decline in cell-proliferation contributes to the dysfunction of preoptic-hypothalamic sleep-wake and circadian systems and consequent sleep-wake disruption.

Daunorubicin oral bioavailability enhancement by surface coated natural biodegradable macromolecule chitosan based polymeric nanoparticles.

Background: Daunorubicin hydrochloride (DAUN·HCl), due to low oral bioavailability poses the hindrance to be marketed as an oral formulation.

Aim Of The Study: To develop a natural biodegradable macromolecule i.e.

Green firebreaks as a management tool for wildfires: Lessons from China.

Wildfire is a widespread natural hazard that is expected to increase in areal extent, severity and frequency with ongoing changes in climate and land-use. One tool that has been used in an effort to reduce the damage caused by wildfires is green firebreaks: strips of low-flammability vegetation grown at strategic locations in the landscape. Green firebreaks are increasingly being recommended for wildfire management and have been implemented in many countries.

Influence Function and Robust Variant of Kernel Canonical Correlation Analysis.

Many unsupervised kernel methods rely on the estimation of kernel covariance operator (kernel CO) or kernel cross-covariance operator (kernel CCO). Both are sensitive to contaminated data, even when bounded positive definite kernels are used. To the best of our knowledge, there are few well-founded robust kernel methods for statistical unsupervised learning.

Optimization of protocols for microinjection-based delivery of cryoprotective agents into Japanese whiting Sillago japonica embryos.

Microinjection has proven useful for introduction of low-permeability cryoprotective agents (CPAs) into fish eggs or embryos for cryopreservation. In this work, we examined the suitable conditions for single or combined microinjection into the perivitelline space (PS) and the yolk mass (YM) of embryos of the Japanese whiting, an alternative marine fish model for embryo cryopreservation studies. The parameters examined were injection volume, CPA type and concentration, vehicle (diluent), and suitable developmental stage.

Integrating Spirulina platensis cultivation and aerobic composting exhaust for carbon mitigation and biomass production.

Aerobic composting is an effective way to dispose of organic waste. However, considerable carbon is converted into CO and emitted into the atmosphere, which is a waste of the carbon resource and has the potential for the greenhouse gas effect. In this study, an innovative approach coupling aerobic composting exhaust and Spirulina platensis cultivation has been proposed and investigated, resulting in a double-edged solution to mitigating waste and co-generating biomass with a minimal cost of CO supplied in the culture.

A kernel machine method for detecting higher order interactions in multimodal datasets: Application to schizophrenia.

Background: Technological advances are enabling us to collect multimodal datasets at an increasing depth and resolution while with decreasing labors. Understanding complex interactions among multimodal datasets, however, is challenging.

New Method: In this study, we tested the interaction effect of multimodal datasets using a novel method called the kernel machine for detecting higher order interactions among biologically relevant multimodal data.

Correlation of exhaled carbon monoxide level with disease severity in chronic obstruction pulmonary disease.

Introduction: Amplification of airway inflammation and its destruction due to oxidative stress is a major step in the pathogenesis of chronic obstruction pulmonary disease (COPD). Exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) may be quantified to evaluate the airway inflammation and oxidative stress in such patients.

Objectives: To assess the disease severity of COPD and treatment response by measuring eCO as a biomarker.

Development of a New Molecular Marker for the Resistance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus.

(TYLCV) responsible for tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) causes a substantial decrease in tomato ( L.) yield worldwide. The use of resistant variety as a sustainable management strategy has been advocated.

Relationship between High Temperature and Formation of Chalkiness and Their Effects on Quality of Rice.

Occurrence of chalkiness in rice is attributed to genetic and environmental factors, especially high temperature (HT). The HT induces heat stress, which in turn compromises many grain qualities, especially transparency. Chalkiness in rice is commonly studied together with other quality traits such as amylose content, gel consistency, and protein storage.

Impact of ultrasonication techniques on the preparation of novel Amiloride-nanoemulsion used for intranasal delivery in the treatment of epilepsy.

Aim: To develop a nanoemulsion-nanoformulation in order to enhance brain bioavailability for Amiloride (Amilo) via intranasal (i.n.) drug delivery in the brain.

Characteristics of sleep-active neurons in the medullary parafacial zone in rats.

Growing evidence supports a role for the medullary parafacial zone in non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep regulation. Cell-body specific lesions of the parafacial zone or disruption of its GABAergic/glycinergic transmission causes suppression of non-REM sleep, whereas, targeted activation of parafacial GABAergic/glycinergic neurons reduce sleep latency and increase non-REM sleep amount, bout duration, and cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) slow-wave activity. Parafacial GABAergic/glycinergic neurons also express sleep-associated c-fos immunoreactivity.

Improvement of oral efficacy of Irinotecan through biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles through in vitro and in vivo investigations.

Background: Irinotecan (IRN) (CPT-11) is a camptothecin derivative with low oral bioavailability due to active efflux by intestinal P-glycoprotein (p-gp) receptors. Hence, no oral formulation is marketed for IRN till date and its oral ingestion continues to remain a challenge.

Aim Of Study: The study aims to develop a nanoformulation i.

Enhancement of oral bioavailability of doxorubicin through surface modified biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles.

Background: Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX·HCl), an anthracycline glycoside antibiotic, exhibits low oral bioavailability due to active efflux from intestinal P-glycoprotein receptors. The oral administration of DOX remains a challenge hence; no oral formulation for DOX is marketed, till date.

Aim Of The Study: To improve the oral bioavailability of DOX through, preparation of a nanoformulation i.