BDNF Differentially Affects Low- and High-Frequency Neurons in a Primary Nucleus of the Chicken Auditory Brainstem.

Neurotrophins are proteins that mediate neuronal development using spatiotemporal signaling gradients. The chicken nucleus magnocellularis (NM), an analogous structure to the mammalian anteroventral cochlear nucleus, provides a model system in which signaling between the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tyrosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) is temporally regulated. In the NM, TrkB expression is high early in development (embryonic [E] day 9) and is downregulated until maturity (E18-21).

Access to an outdoor open pack promotes estrus activity in dairy cows.

Dairy cows have a partial preference to access an outdoor deep-bedded pack, but the effects of continuous access to an outdoor area on estrous behaviors has not been studied. Our objective was to investigate if access to an outdoor open deep-bedded pack improves the expression of estrus behaviors. We enrolled 60 lactating Holstein cows directly after calving and followed them each for 12 weeks.

4D printed origami-inspired accordion, Kresling and Yoshimura tubes.

Applying tessellated origami patterns to the design of mechanical materials can enhance properties such as strength-to-weight ratio and impact absorption ability. Another advantage is the predictability of the deformation mechanics since origami materials typically deform through the folding and unfolding of their creases. This work focuses on creating 4D printed flexible tubular origami based on three different origami patterns: the accordion, the Kresling and the Yoshimura origami patterns, fabricated with a flexible polylactic acid (PLA) filament with heat-activated shape memory effect.

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: The Great Ormond Street Hospital experience (2005-2021).

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) is a complex, systemic inflammatory disorder driven by both innate and adaptive immunity. Improved understanding of sJIA pathophysiology has led to recent therapeutic advances including a growing evidence base for the earlier use of IL-1 or IL-6 blockade as first-line treatment. We conducted a retrospective case notes review of patients diagnosed with sJIA over a 16-year period (October 2005-October 2021) at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children.

Effects of free-choice pasture access on lameness recovery and behavior of lame dairy cattle.

Lameness is a common condition in dairy cows. Free-choice access to pasture may benefit lame cows by providing a softer and more comfortable lying and standing surface; however, the effects of this system on lameness have not yet been explored. We evaluated whether a 7-wk period of free-choice pasture access would improve lameness recovery and affect the lying behavior of lame dairy cows.

Update on Biomarkers of Vasculopathy in Juvenile and Adult Myositis.

Purpose Of Review: Although rare, idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) comprise a heterogeneous group of autoimmune conditions in adults and children. Increasingly, vasculopathy is recognised to be key in the underlying pathophysiology and plays a crucial role in some of the more challenging complications including calcinosis, gastrointestinal involvement and interstitial lung disease. The exciting prospect of development of biomarkers of vasculopathy would enable earlier detection and monitoring of these complications and possible prevention of their potentially devastating consequences.

Proprioceptive sensitivity to imposed finger deflections.

Hand proprioception, the sense of the posture and movements of the wrist and digits, is critical to dexterous manual behavior and to stereognosis, the ability to sense the three-dimensional structure of objects held in the hand. To better understand this sensory modality and its role in hand function, we sought to characterize the acuity with which the postures and movements of finger joints are sensed. To this end, we measured the ability of human subjects to discriminate changes in posture and speed around the three joints of the index finger.

Translation and cultural adaptation into Brazilian Portuguese of the Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) and reliability assessment.

Introduction: The Finnish Diabetes Risk Score (FINDRISC) is a tool that was initially developed to predict the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults. This tool is simple, quick to apply, non-invasive, and low-cost. The aims of this study were to perform a translation and cultural adaptation of the original version of FINDRISC into Brazilian Portuguese and to assess test-retest reliability.

Effect of scanning speed on texture-elicited vibrations.

To sense the texture of a surface, we run our fingers across it, which leads to the elicitation of skin vibrations that depend both on the surface and on exploratory parameters, particularly scanning speed. The transduction and processing of these vibrations mediate the ability to discern fine surface features. The objective of the present study is to characterize the effect of changes in scanning speed on texture-elicited vibrations to better understand how the exploratory movements shape the neuronal representation of texture.

Feeling fooled: Texture contaminates the neural code for tactile speed.

Motion is an essential component of everyday tactile experience: most manual interactions involve relative movement between the skin and objects. Much of the research on the neural basis of tactile motion perception has focused on how direction is encoded, but less is known about how speed is. Perceived speed has been shown to be dependent on surface texture, but previous studies used only coarse textures, which span a restricted range of tangible spatial scales and provide a limited window into tactile coding.

Dietary factors associated with metabolic syndrome and its components in overweight and obese Brazilian schoolchildren: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The metabolic syndrome (MS) has been assessed since childhood mainly because of the nutritional and epidemiological transition that has occurred worldwide. Our objectives were to explore the MS and its components according to anthropometric and demographic factors and to assess the relationship among MS components and dietary characteristics in overweight and obese schoolchildren.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study which included 147 schoolchildren (aged 6-10 years) from three elementary schools, with body mass index (BMI) higher than the 85th percentile.

WITHDRAWN: The increase of dairy intake is the main dietary factor associated with reduction of body weight in overweight adults after lifestyle change program.

This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.

THE INCREASE OF DAIRY INTAKE IS THE MAIN DIETARY FACTOR ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCTION OF BODY WEIGHT IN OVERWEIGHT ADULTS AFTER LIFESTYLE CHANGE PROGRAM.

This study evaluated which was the main nutritional change associated with weight reduction of overweight adult participants of a lifestyle change program. It was hypothesized that increases in dairy intake could be an important nutrition intervention in a lifestyle change program. 117 individuals, male (19.

Primary airway epithelial cell culture and asthma in children-lessons learnt and yet to come.

Until recently the airway epithelial cell (AEC) was considered a simple barrier that prevented entry of inhaled matter into the lung parenchyma. The AEC is now recognized as having an important role in the inflammatory response of the respiratory system to inhaled exposures, and abnormalities of these responses are thought to be important to asthma pathogenesis. This review first explores how the challenges of studying nasal and bronchial AECs in children have been addressed and then summarizes the results of studies of primary AEC function in children with and without asthma.

Short- and Long-Term Effectiveness of a Subject's Specific Novel Brain and Vestibular Rehabilitation Treatment Modality in Combat Veterans Suffering from PTSD.

Introduction: Treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combat veterans that have a long-term positive clinical effect has the potential to modify the treatment of PTSD. This outcome may result in changed and saved lives of our service personnel and their families. In a previous before-after-intervention study, we demonstrated high statistical and substantively significant short-term changes in the Clinician Administered DSM-IV PTSD Scale (CAPS) scores after a 2-week trial of a subject's particular novel brain and vestibular rehabilitation (VR) program.

Social bonds in the dispersing sex: partner preferences among adult female chimpanzees.

In most primate societies, strong and enduring social bonds form preferentially among kin, who benefit from cooperation through direct and indirect fitness gains. Chimpanzees, , differ from most species by showing consistent female-biased dispersal and strict male philopatry. In most East African populations, females tend to forage alone in small core areas and were long thought to have weak social bonds of little biological significance.

Evaluation of the Effectiveness of a Novel Brain and Vestibular Rehabilitation Treatment Modality in PTSD Patients Who have Suffered Combat-Related Traumatic Brain Injuries.

Introduction: Blast-related head injuries are among the most prevalent injuries suffered by military personnel deployed in combat and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion on the battlefield in Iraq/Afghanistan has resulted in its designation as a "signature injury." Vestibular complaints are the most frequent sequelae of mTBI, and vestibular rehabilitation (VR) has been established as the most important treatment modality for this group of patients.

Materials And Methods: We studied the effectiveness of a novel brain and VR treatment post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in subjects who had suffered combat-related traumatic brain injuries in terms of PTSD symptom reduction.

Chest auscultatory signs in infants presenting to A&E with bronchiolitis.

Background: Anecdotally it has been noted that the traditional chest signs associated with bronchiolitis appear inconsistently in infants clinically diagnosed with bronchiolitis. We wished to explore this more formally.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether the auscultatory chest signs at presentation in infants with bronchiolitis were influenced by age or by the underlying pathogen.

Māori experiences of aphasia therapy: "But I'm from Hauiti and we've got shags".

This study explored Māori experiences of aphasia therapy, with a view to ascertaining what makes a service culturally safe as well as "accessible to and culturally appropriate for" Māori with aphasia and their whānau (extended family). Māori are the indigenous peoples of New Zealand. This study incorporated interpretive description (a qualitative methodology) within kaupapa Māori research (a Māori approach to research).

[Consumption of fruit and vegetables associated with the metabolic syndrome and its components in an adult population sample].

Metabolic Syndrome (MS) increases the risk of cardiovascular events and the recommended intake of fruits and vegetables (FV) is related to its prevention. The scope of this study is to associate the intake of FV and its relation to MS and its components in an adult population sample. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted with 636 adults in the period between 2004 and 2008.