Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel Pyrazole Ethandiamide Compounds as Inhibitors of Human THP-1 Monocytic Cell Neurotoxicity.

Neuroinflammation and microglia-mediated neurotoxicity contribute to the pathogenesis of a broad range of neurodegenerative diseases; therefore, identifying novel compounds that can suppress adverse activation of glia is an important goal. We have previously identified a class of trisubstituted pyrazoles that possess neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we describe a second generation of pyrazole analogs that were designed to improve their neuroprotective activity toward neurons under inflammatory conditions.

Family intervention improves outcomes for patients with delirium: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine if family caregiver involvement in interventions with patients with delirium improves patient outcomes.

Methods: A search of three databases (Medline-Ovid, CINAHL and Embase) was conducted. Eligibility criteria included adult patients and involvement of family caregivers in any delirium intervention.

Nutritional status of children and adolescents with cancer in Scotland: A prospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: Malnutrition (under and overnutrition) in paediatric cancer patients during and after treatment increases short and long-term side-effects; however, factors contributing to malnutrition and patterns of change in nutritional status are still unclear. The aims were to investigate the prevalence of malnutrition, patterns of change in nutritional status and factors contributing to malnutrition in Scottish paediatric cancer patients.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of Scottish children aged <18 years, diagnosed with and treated for cancer between Aug 2010 and Jan 2014 was performed.

Physiological Concentrations of Blueberry-Derived Phenolic Acids Reduce Monocyte Adhesion to Human Endothelial Cells.

Scope: Blueberry polyphenols are thought to confer cardiovascular health benefits, but have limited bioavailability. They undergo extensive metabolism and their phenolic acid metabolites are likely to be the mediators of bioactivity. The effect of blueberry-derived phenolic acids on one aspect of inflammation, monocyte adhesion to vascular endothelial cells, is investigated.

Osteocyte Death and Bone Overgrowth in Mice Lacking Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors 1 and 2 in Mature Osteoblasts and Osteocytes.

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathways have well-established roles in skeletal development, with essential functions in both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. In mice, previous conditional knockout studies suggested distinct roles for FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) signaling at different stages of osteogenesis and a role for FGFR2 in osteoblast maturation. However, the potential for redundancy among FGFRs and the mechanisms and consequences of stage-specific osteoblast lineage regulation were not addressed.

Incidence and Risk Factors for Pin Site Infection of Exposed Kirschner Wires Following Elective Forefoot Surgery.

Background: Kirschner wires (K-wires) are commonly utilized for temporary metatarsal and phalangeal fixation following forefoot procedures. K-wires can remain in place for up to 6 weeks postoperatively and are at risk for complications. This study investigated the incidence of infectious complications of exposed K-wires after forefoot surgery and identifies risk factors for these complications.

Association of industry ties with outcomes of studies examining the effect of wholegrain foods on cardiovascular disease and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine if observational studies examining the association of wholegrain foods with cardiovascular disease (CVD) with food industry sponsorship and/or authors with conflicts of interest (COI) with the food industry are more likely to have results and/or conclusions that are favourable to industry than those with no industry ties, and to determine whether studies with industry ties differ in their risk of bias compared with studies with no industry ties.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.

Data Sources: We searched eight databases from 1997 to 2017 and hand searched the reference lists of included studies.

Joint pattern analysis applied to PET DAT and VMAT2 imaging reveals new insights into Parkinson's disease induced presynaptic alterations.

Most neurodegenerative diseases are known to affect several aspects of brain function, including neurotransmitter systems, metabolic and functional connectivity. Diseases are generally characterized by common clinical characteristics across subjects, but there are also significant inter-subject variations. It is thus reasonable to expect that in terms of brain function, such clinical behaviors will be related to a general overall multi-system pattern of disease-induced alterations and additional brain system-specific abnormalities; these additional abnormalities would be indicative of a possible unique system response to disease or subject-specific propensity to a specific clinical progression.

VEGFA From Early Osteoblast Lineage Cells (Osterix+) Is Required in Mice for Fracture Healing.

Bone formation via intramembranous and endochondral ossification is necessary for successful healing after a wide range of bone injuries. The pleiotropic cytokine, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) has been shown, via nonspecific pharmacologic inhibition, to be indispensable for angiogenesis and ossification following bone fracture and cortical defect repair. However, the importance of VEGFA expression by different cell types during bone healing is not well understood.

Clinical and Epidemiological Patterns of Scrub Typhus, an Emerging Disease in Bhutan.

Scrub typhus (ST) is a vector-borne rickettsial infection causing acute febrile illness. The re-emergence of ST in the Asia-Pacific region represents a serious public health threat. ST was first detected in Bhutan in 2008.

Sarcopenia does not affect clinical outcomes following lumbar fusion.

Sarcopenia, defined as decreased skeletal muscle mass or function, has recently been found to have increased perioperative morbidity and mortality. The relationship between sarcopenia and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing lumbar fusion has not been examined. This study investigates whether sarcopenia affects fusion rates and outcomes following single-level lumbar decompression and fusion.

Divinity Revised: The De- and Re-Contextualization of Adolescent Divinity Reasoning in Globalizing Thailand.

This article explores how globalization reshapes moral development in northern Thailand. Employing a cultural-developmental approach to examine interview data gathered over the course of one year, the article discusses variations in Divinity-based moral reasoning among adolescents residing in variously globalized Thai communities. Quantitative analysis shows that moral reasoning diverges across contexts of globalization, with rural adolescents reasoning more in terms of the Ethic of Divinity than urban adolescents.

Correction: Competitor analysis of functional group H-bond donor and acceptor properties using the Cambridge Structural Database.

Correction for 'Competitor analysis of functional group H-bond donor and acceptor properties using the Cambridge Structural Database' by James McKenzie et al., Phys. Chem.

Pseudo-ataxia due to Osteoid Osteoma.

Background: Ataxia is diagnosed by typical features on examination suggestive of a cerebellar etiology and can invoke extensive diagnostic testing. Osteoid osteomas (OOs) are benign bone tumors of the lower limbs that occasionally present with focal neurological signs.

Case Report: A 3-year-old male presented with apparent progressive gait ataxia and non-specific leg pain.

Design characteristics and statistical methods used in interrupted time series studies evaluating public health interventions: protocol for a review.

Introduction: An interrupted time series (ITS) design is an important observational design used to examine the effects of an intervention or exposure. This design has particular utility in public health where it may be impracticable or infeasible to use a randomised trial to evaluate health system-wide policies, or examine the impact of exposures (such as earthquakes). There have been relatively few studies examining the design characteristics and statistical methods used to analyse ITS designs.

Dimensions of the Subaxial Lateral Mass: A Systematic Review of Anatomic (Morphometric) Measurement Studies.

Study Design: This was a systematic review.

Objective: To review and synthesize information on subaxial lateral mass dimensions in order to determine the ideal starting point, trajectory, and size of a lateral mass screw.

Summary Of Background Data: The use of lateral mass instrumentation for posterior cervical decompression and fusion has become routine as these constructs have increased rigidity and fusion rates.

Evaluation of a targeted, theory-informed implementation intervention designed to increase uptake of emergency management recommendations regarding adult patients with mild traumatic brain injury: results of the NET cluster randomised trial.

Background: Evidence-based guidelines for management of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in the emergency department (ED) are now widely available; however, clinical practice remains inconsistent with these guidelines. A targeted, theory-informed implementation intervention (Neurotrauma Evidence Translation (NET) intervention) was designed to increase the uptake of three clinical practice recommendations regarding the management of patients who present to Australian EDs with mild head injuries. The intervention involved local stakeholder meetings, identification and training of nursing and medical local opinion leaders, train-the-trainer workshops and standardised education materials and interactive workshops delivered by the opinion leaders to others within their EDs during a 3 month period.

Improving warfarin therapy through implementation of a hospital-based pharmacist managed clinic in Jamaica.

Background: Pharmacist managed warfarin clinics can improve the anticoagulation status of non-valvular patients. The first of such services was implemented at the Cornwall Regional Hospital in Jamaica in 2013.

Objectives: To assess the anticoagulation control of patients on warfarin therapy over six months in the pharmacist managed warfarin clinic at Cornwall Regional Hospital.

Microbial community composition and dolomite formation in the hypersaline microbial mats of the Khor Al-Adaid sabkhas, Qatar.

The Khor Al-Adaid sabkha in Qatar is among the rare extreme environments on Earth where it is possible to study the formation of dolomite-a carbonate mineral whose origin remains unclear and has been hypothetically linked to microbial activity. By combining geochemical measurements with microbiological analysis, we have investigated the microbial mats colonizing the intertidal areas of sabhka. The main aim of this study was to identify communities and conditions that are favorable for dolomite formation.

The Total Cost to the Health Care System in Medicare and Medicaid Patients for the Treatment of Cervical Myelopathy.

Introduction: Cervical myelopathy is a common indication for spine surgery. Modern medicine demands high quality, cost-effective treatment. Most cost analyses fail to account for complication costs from nonoperative treatment.

Which anticholinergic is best for people with overactive bladders? A network meta-analysis.

Aim: To carry out a network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of anticholinergic drug treatment for people with overactive bladders.

Methods: Comprehensive searches for relevant RCTs were carried out starting with RCTs included in previous systematic reviews with the last search in February 2017. Searches included terms for the anticholinergic drugs tolterodine, oxybutynin, trospium, propiverine, solifenacin, darifenacin, imidafenacin, and fesoterodine.

Urothelial Senescence in the Pathophysiology of Diabetic Bladder Dysfunction-A Novel Hypothesis.

Diabetic bladder dysfunction (DBD) is a well-recognized and common symptom affecting up to 50% of all diabetic patients. DBD has a broad range of clinical presentations ranging from overactive to underactive bladder symptoms that develops in middle-aged to elderly patients with long standing and poorly controlled diabetes. Low efficacy of current therapeutics and lifestyle interventions combined with high national healthcare costs highlight the need for more research into bladder dysfunction pathophysiology and novel treatment options.