Translation of PET radiotracers for cancer imaging: recommendations from the National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator (NCITA) consensus meeting.

Background: The clinical translation of positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers for cancer management presents complex challenges. We have developed consensus-based recommendations for preclinical and clinical assessment of novel and established radiotracers, applied to image different cancer types, to improve the standardisation of translational methodologies and accelerate clinical implementation.

Methods: A consensus process was developed using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method (RAM) to gather insights from a multidisciplinary panel of 38 key stakeholders on the appropriateness of preclinical and clinical methodologies and stakeholder engagement for PET radiotracer translation.

Particulates in CGT guidance survey results - an ISCT process development & manufacturing committee perspective on cell and gene therapy industry knowledge awareness.

The International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy Particulates Working Group has surveyed the global industry on commonly used regulatory guidance documents pertaining to particulates across various cell and gene therapy (CGT) product-based chemistry and manufacturing controls. Responses were collated from academic and industrially based individuals involved in or making decisions for manufacturing, quality control and analytics. Two surveys covering therapy developers and manufacturing suppliers were created and distributed via e-mail, through focus groups and via social media platforms.

The Discovery and Preclinical Profile of ALG-000184, a Prodrug of the Potent Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Modulator ALG-001075.

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) represents a significant unmet medical need with few options beyond lifelong treatment with nucleoside analogues, which rarely leads to a functional cure. Novel agents that reduce levels of HBV DNA, RNA and other viral antigens could lead to better treatment outcomes. The capsid assembly modulator (CAM) class of compounds represents an important modality for chronic suppression and to improve functional cure rates, either alone or in combination.

Development of a method to use standard hospital gamma cameras as triage whole body monitors in UK emergencies.

This paper outlines the process by which a medical gamma camera can be utilised to support assessment of internal radionuclides for the public. While hospital based gamma cameras are able to detect photopeaks, they are often limited to an energy range of 40-540 keV. However, radionuclides with photopeak energies above 540 keV can still be detected as the partial collection of photon energy increases the count rate at lower energies.

Discovery and Preclinical Profile of ALG-055009, a Potent and Selective Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta (THR-β) Agonist for the Treatment of MASH.

Agonists of thyroid hormone receptor β (THR-β) decreased LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels in human clinical trials for patients with dyslipidemia. The authors present the highly potent and selective compound ALG-055009 () as a potential best in class THR-β agonist. The high metabolic stability and good permeability translated well in vivo to afford a long in vivo half-life pharmacokinetic profile with limited liability for DDI, and it overcomes certain drawbacks seen in recent clinical candidates.

Evidence-informed, experience-based co-design: a novel framework integrating research evidence and lived experience in priority-setting and co-design of health services.

Objective: To describe a new co-design framework termed Evidence-informed, Experience-based Co-design (E2CD).

Background: Involving consumers and clinicians in planning, designing and implementing services results in the end-product being more likely to meet the needs of end-users and increases the likelihood of their uptake and sustainability. Different forms and definitions of co-design have been described in the literature and have had varying levels of success in health service redesign.

Discovery of -Dimethyl-hydroxymethylpyridine Derivatives as Potent Non-nucleoside RSV Polymerase Inhibitors.

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an RNA virus infecting the upper and lower respiratory tract and is recognized as a major respiratory health threat, particularly to older adults, immunocompromised individuals, and young children. Around 64 million children and adults are infected every year worldwide. Despite two vaccines and a new generation monoclonal antibody recently approved, no effective antiviral treatment is available.

Challenges and solutions to system-wide use of precision oncology as the standard of care paradigm.

The personalised oncology paradigm remains challenging to deliver despite technological advances in genomics-based identification of actionable variants combined with the increasing focus of drug development on these specific targets. To ensure we continue to build concerted momentum to improve outcomes across all cancer types, financial, technological and operational barriers need to be addressed. For example, complete integration and certification of the 'molecular tumour board' into 'standard of care' ensures a unified clinical decision pathway that both counteracts fragmentation and is the cornerstone of evidence-based delivery inside and outside of a research setting.

Data-driven gating (DDG)-based motion match for improved CTAC registration.

Background: Respiratory motion artefacts are a pitfall in thoracic PET/CT imaging. A source of these motion artefacts within PET images is the CT used for attenuation correction of the images. The arbitrary respiratory phase in which the helical CT ( ) is acquired often causes misregistration between PET and CT images, leading to inaccurate attenuation correction of the PET image.

Sequential deep learning image enhancement models improve diagnostic confidence, lesion detectability, and image reconstruction time in PET.

Background: Investigate the potential benefits of sequential deployment of two deep learning (DL) algorithms namely DL-Enhancement (DLE) and DL-based time-of-flight (ToF) (DLT). DLE aims to enhance the rapidly reconstructed ordered-subset-expectation-maximisation algorithm (OSEM) images towards block-sequential-regularised-expectation-maximisation (BSREM) images, whereas DLT aims to improve the quality of BSREM images reconstructed without ToF. As the algorithms differ in their purpose, sequential application may allow benefits from each to be combined.

Experiences of participants in the co-design of a community-based health service for people with high healthcare service use.

Background: Incorporating perspectives of health consumers, healthcare workers, policy makers and stakeholders through co-design is essential to design services that are fit for purpose. However, the experiences of co-design participants are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to explore the experiences and perceptions of people involved in the co-design of a new service for people with high healthcare service utilisation.

The British nuclear medicine research strategy - the framework.

The British Nuclear Medicine Society (BNMS) has developed a Research Strategy framework led by the Research Champions of the BNMS and overseen by the BNMS Research and Innovation Committee. The objectives of the Research Strategy are to improve translation of cutting-edge nuclear medicine research from bench to bedside, the implementation of state-of-the-art multimodality technologies and to enhance multicentre radionuclide research in the UK. It strives to involve patients and the public in radionuclide research and to contribute to and work with the multi-professional national and international organisations involved in research with an ultimate aim to improve nuclear medicine services, and patients' outcomes and care.

Methods for sampling wound fluid from venous leg ulcers for molecular analyses: A scoping review.

Determining the precise role of molecular factors present in venous leg ulcer exudate will expedite the identification of biomarkers that can optimally guide treatment. However, there is now no standardized approach for collecting, processing and storing wound fluid samples for molecular analyses. This scoping review was conducted to integrate and summarize the multiple types of methods being used currently in studies of venous leg ulcers for collecting, processing and storing wound fluid prior to analysis.

Differential Response of Pelvic Bone Marrow Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake in Patients Receiving Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy.

Aims: Irradiation of pelvic bone marrow (PBM) at the level of the typical low dose bath of intensity-modulated radiotherapy delivery (10-20 Gy) is associated with an increased risk of haematological toxicity, particularly when combined with concurrent chemotherapy. Although sparing of the whole of the PBM at a 10-20 Gy dose level is unachievable, it is known that PBM is divided into haematopoietically active and inactive regions that are identifiable based on the threshold uptake of [F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) seen on positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT). In published studies to date, the definition of active PBM widely used is that of a standardised uptake value (SUV) greater than the mean SUV of the whole PBM prior to the start of chemoradiation.

Triple modality image reconstruction of PET data using SPECT, PET, CT information increases lesion uptake in images of patients treated with radioembolization with [Formula: see text] micro-spheres.

Purpose: Nuclear medicine imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT), single photon emission CT (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are employed in the field of theranostics to estimate and plan the dose delivered to tumors and the surrounding tissues and to monitor the effect of the therapy. However, therapeutic radionuclides often provide poor images, which translate to inaccurate treatment planning and inadequate monitoring images. Multimodality information can be exploited in the reconstruction to enhance image quality.

Variability of estimated glomerular filtration rate and 99m Tc-DTPA glomerular filtration rate: implications for a single time-point sampling regime.

Background: This work aimed to determine the implications of the variability in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) for the prediction of measured GFR (mGFR) for selection of sampling time-point in single-sample 99m Tc-diethylene-triamine-pentaacetate (DTPA) mGFR.

Methods: Patient studies were used to compare eGFR and mGFR ( n  = 282). The eGFR was calculated using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration 2009 equation, from serum creatinine values measured in the laboratory ( n  = 27) or using a point-of-care testing device ( n  = 255).

Use of Social Determinants of Health Screening among Primary Health Care Nurses of Developed Countries: An Integrative Review.

The aims of the study are to evaluate and synthesise research that has investigated social determinants of health screening by primary healthcare nurses; how and when primary health care nurses perform social determinants of health screening; and implications for advancing nursing practice. Systematic searches in electronic databases identified fifteen published studies which met the inclusion criteria. Studies were synthesised using reflexive thematic analysis.

Timing of hypoxia PET/CT imaging after 18F-fluoromisonidazole injection in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) using the radiotracer 18F-Fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) has been widely employed to image tumour hypoxia and is of interest to help develop novel hypoxia modifiers and guide radiation treatment planning. Yet, the optimal post-injection (p.i.

The role of [F]fluorodopa positron emission tomography in grading of gliomas.

Purpose: Gliomas are the most commonly occurring brain tumour in adults and there remains no cure for these tumours with treatment strategies being based on tumour grade. All treatment options aim to prolong survival, maintain quality of life and slow the inevitable progression from low-grade to high-grade. Despite imaging advancements, the only reliable method to grade a glioma is to perform a biopsy, and even this is fraught with errors associated with under grading.

Reward insensitivity is associated with dopaminergic deficit in rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder.

Idiopathic rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) has now been established as an important marker of the prodromal stage of Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. However, although dopamine transporter single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been used to demonstrate the presence of nigro-striatal deficit in iRBD, quantifiable correlates of this are currently lacking. Sensitivity to rewarding stimuli is reduced in some people with Parkinson's disease, potentially contributing to aspects of the neuropsychiatric phenotype in these individuals.

Tailoring the sampling time of single-sample GFR measurement according to expected renal function: a multisite audit.

Background: The 2018 BNMS Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) guidelines recommend a single-sample technique with the sampling time dictated by the expected renal function, but this is not known with any accuracy before the test. We aimed to assess whether the sampling regime suggested in the guidelines is optimal and determine the error in GFR result if the sample time is chosen incorrectly. We can then infer the degree of flexibility in the sampling regime.