Multitemporal lidar captures heterogeneity in fuel loads and consumption on the Kaibab Plateau.

Background: Characterization of physical fuel distributions across heterogeneous landscapes is needed to understand fire behavior, account for smoke emissions, and manage for ecosystem resilience. Remote sensing measurements at various scales inform fuel maps for improved fire and smoke models. Airborne lidar that directly senses variation in vegetation height and density has proven to be especially useful for landscape-scale fuel load and consumption mapping.

Wilderness areas in a changing landscape: changes in land use, land cover, and climate.

Wilderness areas are not immune to changes in land use, land cover, and/or climate. Future changes will intensify the balancing act of maintaining ecological conditions and untrammeled character within wilderness areas. We assessed the quantitative and spatial changes in land use, land cover, and climate predicted to occur in and around wilderness areas by (1) quantifying projected changes in land use and land cover around wilderness areas; (2) evaluating if public lands surrounding wilderness areas can buffer future land-use change; (3) quantifying future climate conditions in and around wilderness areas; and (4) identifying wilderness areas expected to experience the most change in land use, land cover, and climate.

Remarkable Photophysics and Amplified Quenching of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Oligomers.

We report the photophysics and fluorescence quenching of a series of monodisperse, anionic π-conjugated oligomers that are molecularly dissolved in aqueous solution. These structurally well-defined oligomers feature oligo(phenylene ethynylene) backbones with two -CH2COO(-) units on each repeat unit, with overall lengths of 5, 7, and 9 repeats. The ionic oligomers display a structured fluorescence band with high quantum efficiency in water, in contrast to the low fluorescence quantum efficiency and pronounced aggregation displayed by structurally similar oligomeric and polymeric (phenylene ethynylene) conjugated polyelectrolytes studied previously.

Conjugated polyelectrolyte dendrimers: aggregation, photophysics, and amplified quenching.

Conjugated polyelectrolyte dendrimers (CPDs) are monodisperse macromolecules that feature a fully π-conjugated dendrimer core surrounded on the periphery by ionic solubilizing groups. CPDs are soluble in water and polar organic solvents, and they exhibit photophysics characteristic of the π-conjugated chromophores comprising the dendrimer core. Here we describe the synthesis and photophysical characterization of series of three generations of CPDs based on a phenylene ethynylene repeat unit structure that is surrounded by an array of anionic sodium carboxylate groups.

Energy transfer in extended thienylene-phenylene-ethynylene dendrimers.

We present a new family of dendrimers with all-conjugated, thienylene (Th) containing photoactive backbones and branched end-groups. Steady-state spectroscopy demonstrates a donor-acceptor system, while picosecond time-resolved fluorescence characterizes a vectorial energy transfer from phenylene-ethynylene (PE) units at the periphery to thienylene-containing PE units at the core. Energy transfer rates of 1.

Low-band-gap platinum acetylide polymers as active materials for organic solar cells.

We report on two pairs of platinum acetylide based polymers and model oligomers utilizing a 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD) acceptor moiety flanked on either side by either 2,5-thienyl donor units (Pt2BTD-Th and p-PtBTD-Th) or (3,4-ethylenedioxy)-2,5-thienyl donors (Pt2BTD-EDOT and p-PtBTD-EDOT). Both oligomer/polymer pairs absorb strongly throughout the visible region; however, because the (ethylenedioxy)thiophene moiety is a stronger donor than thiophene, the latter oligomer/polymer pair has a correspondingly lower band gap and, therefore, harvests light more efficiently at longer wavelengths. p-PtBTD-Th exhibits a relatively narrow molecular weight distribution with a number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 22 kDa, while p-PtBTD-EDOT exhibits a comparable Mn of 33 kDa but has a high polydispersity index likely due to aggregation.

Soluble narrow band gap and blue propylenedioxythiophene-cyanovinylene polymers as multifunctional materials for photovoltaic and electrochromic applications.

A family of soluble narrow band gap donor-acceptor conjugated polymers based on dioxythiophenes and cyanovinylenes is reported. The polymers were synthesized using Knoevenagel polycondensation or Yamamoto coupling polymerizations to yield polymers with molecular weights on the order of 10 000-20 000 g/mol, which possess solubility in common organic solvents. Thin film optical measurements revealed narrow band gaps of 1.

Synthesis, electrochemistry, and interactions with beta-cyclodextrin of dendrimers containing a single ferrocene subunit located "off-center".

Two series of dendrimers containing a single ferrocene unit located in the focal point of these macromolecules have been synthesized and characterized. The first series of dendrimers has considerable lipophilic character, with tert-butyl ester groups located in their peripheral regions. In contrast, the second series of dendrimers was obtained by the hydrolysis of these peripheral ester groups, yielding water-soluble dendrimers with carboxylic acid groups in their surfaces.

Mobile Outreach Crisis Services (MOCS): an innovative model for taking psychiatric care into the community.

Mobile outreach psychiatric services have become a popular model of providing care to the mentally ill. A mobile program has been instituted in Tulsa, Oklahoma, to provide care to homeless mentally ill in Tulsa County and to assist with emergency crisis intervention. The SPMI (Severely and Persistently Mentally III) have been a challenge for both medical and psychiatric providers, and MOCS (Mobile Outreach Crisis Services) was developed to address these problems.

On-line capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry using a polymerized anionic surfactant.

On-line capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) has been used to determine the tricyclic antidepressant drugs (imipramine, doxepin, and amitriptyline) as well as the beta-adrenergic blocker drugs (propranolol and alprenolol). A CE-ESI-MS interface linking a manually operated CE system and a Finnigan MAT-900 sector mass spectrometer (with an Analytica electrospray ionization source) has been constructed in-house and employed for this study. Although a water/methanol based capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) buffer was initially used to determine these analytes, enhanced resolution was obtained by addition of a polymerized surfactant, i.

Structurally diagnostic ion-molecule reactions and collisionally activated dissociation of 1,4-benzodiazepines in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer.

The ion-molecule reactions of various 1,4-benzodiazepines and dimethyl ether ions were studied with a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The methoxymethylene ions of dimethyl ether selectively react with 3-hydroxy-1,4-benzodiazepines (temazepam, oxazepam) to form (M+13)+ adducts by methylene substitution, and they react with 1,4-benzodiazepines that do not have hydroxyl substituents (diazepam, nordiazepam, nitrazepam) to form (M+15)+ adduct by a simple methyl cation transfer. These adducts are formed by elimination of methanol or formaldehyde, respectively, from (M+CH2OCH3)+ precursor ions.

Selective ion-molecule reactions of lactams with dimethyl ether ions.

The ion-molecule reactions of dimethyl ether ions CH3OCH3 (+) and (CH3OCH3)H(+), and four- to seven-membered ring lactams with methyl substituents in various positions were characterized by using a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer and a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. In both instruments, the lactams were protonated by dimethyl ether ions and formed various combinations of [M + 13] (+), [M + 15] (+), and [M + 45] (+) adduct ions, as well as unusual [M + 3] (+) and [M + 16] (+) adduct ions. An additional [M + 47] (+) adduct ion was formed in the conventional chemical ionization source of the triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer.

The psychotherapist's search for self-renewal.

The role of psychotherapist carries with it special stresses to which many professionals react with depressive feelings, particularly in mid-life. Psychotherapists who participated in small group sessions at two annual institutes of the American Group Psychotherapy Association revealed their depressive feelings in a striking way. Some were able to relate these feelings to early family dynamics that motivated their choice of a caretaking career.

PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF PAIN IN PATIENTS WITH TERMINAL CANCER.

The dying patient reacts emotionally to the problems encountered in the terminal period according to his established pattern of response to stress. The nature of this pattern will play a part in his experience of pain. Some of the types of reaction include the bizarre misinterpretation of bodily sensation of the psychotic, the development of conversion symptoms, the increase in pain through muscle tension in the anxious but overcontrolled person, and the stoical acceptance by guilt-ridden patients.