Vaccine protection of broilers against various doses of wild-type Typhimurium and changes in gut microbiota.

This study evaluated the impact of vaccine diluents (peptone or water) on the protective effects of Typhimurium (. Typhimurium) vaccine. Vaccinated broilers were challenged with different doses of wild-type .

Ensuring egg safety: Salmonella survival, control, and virulence in the supply chain.

Salmonella contamination of eggs is a global food safety concern, producers, regulatory authorities, and affecting public health. To mitigate Salmonella risks on-farm and along the supply chain, egg producers have adopted various quality assurance, animal husbandry, and biosecurity practices recommended by organizations such as Australian eggs, the European Commission, and the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). However, egg storage requirements vary significantly worldwide.

Effect of vaccine diluents on the colonization of Typhimurium vaccine in chickens.

One of the commonly used methods to control on-farm outbreaks in the poultry industry is vaccination. Vaccine diluents may affect vaccine efficacy but there are limited studies on how different diluents affect the colonization of live, attenuated vaccines. In this study, buffered peptone water, Marek's diluent and water were used as the diluents to reconstitute the commercially available Typhimurium vaccine (Vaxsafe® ST).

Patient-Reported Outcomes after False Vocal Folds Injections for Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study is to investigate if false vocal folds (FVF) or simultaneous FVF with thyroarytenoid (FVF+TA) Botox® injections achieve comparable treatment effects to standard TA injections. This study also aims to determine how patient-reported outcomes contribute to the transition to, and continuation of, FVF or FVF+TA injections.

Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed for all patients receiving Botox® for adductor spasmodic dysphonia at a laryngology practice between 2005 and 2018.

Laryngeal Cancer Screening During Flexible Video Laryngoscopy Using Large Computer Vision Models.

Objective: Develop an artificial intelligence assisted computer vision model to screen for laryngeal cancer during flexible laryngoscopy.

Methods: Using laryngeal images and flexible laryngoscopy video recordings, we developed computer vision models to classify video frames for usability and cancer screening. A separate model segments any identified lesions on the frames.

Dust sprinkling as an effective method for infecting layer chickens with wild-type Salmonella Typhimurium and changes in host gut microbiota.

Role of dust in Salmonella transmission on chicken farms is not well characterised. Salmonella Typhimurium (ST) infection of commercial layer chickens was investigated using a novel sprinkling method of chicken dust spiked with ST and the uptake compared to a conventional oral infection. While both inoculation methods resulted in colonisation of the intestines, the Salmonella load in liver samples was significantly higher at 7 dpi after exposing chicks to sprinkled dust compared to the oral infection group.

Efficacy of Plasma-Treated Water against Salmonella Typhimurium: Antibacterial Activity, Inhibition of Invasion, and Biofilm Disruption.

Plasma-treated water (PTW) has emerged as a potential sanitizing agent. This study evaluated antibacterial activity, inhibition of invasion, and biofilm disruption effects of PTW against Typhimurium. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) were determined for different PTW types.

Comparison of peroxyacetic acid and acidified sodium chlorite at reducing natural microbial contamination on chicken meat pieces.

The spin-chill process at poultry processing plants involves the immersion of chicken carcasses in cold water (<5°C) often containing sodium hypochlorite which significantly contributes to the reduction of bacterial loads. Cutting carcasses into pieces, however, has been linked with increases in Campylobacter and Salmonella counts. Here, the efficacy of PAA and ASC on reducing bacteria on skin-on, bone-in thigh cuts was investigated.

Formant-Aware Spectral Analysis of Sustained Vowels of Pathological Breathy Voice.

Objectives: This paper reports the effectiveness of formant-aware spectral parameters to predict the perceptual breathiness rating. A breathy voice has a steeper spectral slope and higher turbulent noise than a normal voice. Measuring spectral parameters of acoustic signals over lower formant regions is a known approach to capture the properties related to breathiness.

Comparative Treatment Outcomes for Idiopathic Subglottic Stenosis: 5-Year Update.

The North American Airway Collaborative (NoAAC) previously published a 3-year multi-institutional prospective cohort study showing variation in treatment effectiveness between 3 primary surgical techniques for idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS). In this report, we update these findings to include 5 years of data evaluating treatment effectiveness. Patients in the NoAAC cohort were re-enrolled for 2 additional years and followed using the prespecified published protocol.

Computational fluid dynamics model of laryngotracheal stenosis and correlation to pulmonary function measures.

3D models of airway lumens were created from CT scans of 19 patients with laryngotracheal stenosis. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were completed for each, and results were compared to measured peak inspiratory flow rate, grade of lumen constriction, and measures of airway geometry. Results demonstrate flow resistance and shear stress correlate with degree of lumen constriction and absolute cross-sectional area as well as flow rate.

Pixel-Based Swallow Measurements: Correcting Nonsquare Pixels.

Purpose: This research note illustrates the effects of video data with nonsquare pixels on the pixel-based measures obtained from videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS).

Method: Six pixel-based distance and area measures were obtained from two different videoflouroscopic study units; both yielding videos with nonsquare pixels with different pixel aspect ratios (PARs). The swallowing measures were obtained from the original VFSS videos and from the videos after their pixels were squared.

Investigation of Vocal Bifurcations and Voice Patterns Induced by Asymmetry of Pathological Vocal Folds.

Purpose: Vocal fold asymmetry creates irregular entrainments and modulations in voice, which may lead to rough perceptual quality. The presence of asymmetry can also cause mid-phonation bifurcations where a small change in the phonatory system causes a drastic change in vibration pattern, resulting in transitions in and out of rough voice. This study surveys sustained phonation recordings of speakers with the diagnoses of vocal fold polyp or unilateral vocal fold paralysis to investigate the resulting voice patterns.

Harmonics-to-noise ratio estimation with deterministically time-varying harmonic model for pathological voice signals.

The harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) and other spectral noise parameters are important in clinical objective voice assessment as they could indicate the presence of nonharmonic phenomena, which are tied to the perception of hoarseness or breathiness. Existing HNR estimators are built on the voice signals to be nearly periodic (fixed over a short period), although voice pathology could induce involuntary slow modulation to void this assumption. This paper proposes the use of a deterministically time-varying harmonic model to improve the HNR measurements.

Effects of Sublethally Injured Campylobacter jejuni in Mice.

Globally, Campylobacter spp. are the most common food-associated bacterial cause of human gastrointestinal disease. Campylobacteriosis is primarily associated with the consumption of contaminated chicken meat.

Peroxyacetic acid and acidified sodium chlorite reduce microbial contamination on whole chicken carcasses obtained from two processing points.

Chicken meat is frequently contaminated with zoonotic bacterial pathogens such as Campylobacter spp and Salmonella spp. These two bacterial genera are commonly linked with cases of human gastrointestinal disease, thus mitigating their presence in the poultry meat supply chain is paramount. Here, the efficacy of two sanitizers, peroxyacetic acid (PAA) and acidified sodium chlorite (ASC), was tested using whole chicken carcasses obtained either prior to the inside/outside wash or the post-immersion spin chill steps of processing.

Machine-learning-assisted spontaneous Raman spectroscopy classification and feature extraction for the diagnosis of human laryngeal cancer.

The early detection of laryngeal cancer significantly increases the survival rates, permits more conservative larynx sparing treatments, and reduces healthcare costs. A non-invasive optical form of biopsy for laryngeal carcinoma can increase the early detection rate, allow for more accurate monitoring of its recurrence, and improve intraoperative margin control. In this study, we evaluated a Raman spectroscopy system for the rapid intraoperative detection of human laryngeal carcinoma.

Prospective, Multi-Center Study of the Anatomic Distribution of Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis.

Objectives/hypothesis: To create a model of the anatomic distribution, recurrence, and growth patterns of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP).

Study Design: Prospective, multi-institutional cohort study.

Methods: Adult patients with a diagnosis of RRP evaluated between August 1, 2018 and February 1, 2021 at six participating centers were invited to enroll.

Detection of pancreatic cancer by convolutional-neural-network-assisted spontaneous Raman spectroscopy with critical feature visualization.

Pancreatic cancer is the deadliest cancer type with a five-year survival rate of less than 9%. Detection of tumor margins plays an essential role in the success of surgical resection. However, histopathological assessment is time-consuming, expensive, and labor-intensive.