Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir for Acute COVID-19 in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease and Postacute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Background: There is limited evidence of association of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir (NMV-r) and incidence of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) in patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the association of NMV-r in nonhospitalized, vaccinated patients with pre-existing CVD and occurrence of PASC.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study utilizing the TriNetX research network, including vaccinated patients with pre-existing CVD who developed COVID-19 between December 2021 and December 2022.

How Infectious Disease Experts Impacted the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Response: Lessons From the Front Lines.

In this article, we summarize findings from research conducted by the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security and the Infectious Diseases Society of America to understand infectious disease (ID) workforce contributions to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) response and their impacts. ID experts were found to have made diverse and unique contributions that went well beyond their usual responsibilities, with many spending several hours a week on these activities without additional compensation. These efforts were thought to not only build community resilience but also augment the ongoing public health response.

Oral Nirmatrelvir and Ritonavir in Nonhospitalized Vaccinated Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Background: Treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir (NMV-r) in high-risk nonhospitalized unvaccinated patients reduced the risk of progression to severe disease. However, the potential benefits of NMV-r among vaccinated patients are unclear.

Methods: We conducted a comparative retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX research network.

Acute Liver Failure and Fever of Unknown Origin.

We describe a case of acute liver failure in a woman in whom a diagnosis was initially unable to be established. The patient rapidly deteriorated, requiring admission to the intensive care unit, and was placed under consideration for liver transplantation. On consultation with the infectious disease service, thorough history taking was performed that uncovered salient epidemiologic information pointing toward the eventual diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis.

Jamestown Canyon virus in Massachusetts: clinical case series and vector screening.

Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV) is a neuroinvasive arbovirus that is found throughout North America and increasingly recognized as a public health concern. From 2004 to 2012, an average of 1.7 confirmed cases were reported annually in the United States, whereas from 2013 to 2018 this figure increased over seventeen-fold to 29.

Charting the Path Forward: Development, Goals and Initiatives of the 2019 Infectious Diseases Society of America Strategic Plan.

In October 2018, the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) Board of Directors (BOD) decided to develop a 2019 IDSA Strategic Plan. The IDSA BOD has invested in strategic planning at regular intervals as part of an ongoing process to review and to renew the vision and direction of IDSA. Herein, the 2018-2019 strategic planning process and outcomes are described.

Early Infectious Diseases Specialty Intervention Is Associated With Shorter Hospital Stays and Lower Readmission Rates: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Intervention by infectious diseases (ID) physicians improves outcomes for inpatients in Medicare, but patients with other insurance types could fare differently. We assessed whether ID involvement leads to better outcomes among privately insured patients under age 65 years hospitalized with common infections.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of administrative claims data from community hospital and postdischarge ambulatory care.

The Value That Infectious Diseases Physicians Bring to the Healthcare System.

While a career in infectious diseases (ID) has always been challenging and exciting, recognition of the value that ID physicians provide to the healthcare system as a whole, over and above the value they provide to individual patients, has been poor in this system. In response to this disparity, the Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Affairs Committee has long endeavored to quantify the value of ID physicians to the system, which is challenging in part because of the many avenues through which they influence healthcare. We discuss data showing that ID physicians improve clinical outcomes, positively impact transitions of care, and direct system-level improvements through infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship.

Emerging Cases of Powassan Virus Encephalitis in New England: Clinical Presentation, Imaging, and Review of the Literature.

Background: Powassan virus (POWV) is a rarely diagnosed cause of encephalitis in the United States. In the Northeast, it is transmitted by Ixodes scapularis, the same vector that transmits Lyme disease. The prevalence of POWV among animal hosts and vectors has been increasing.

Fecal microbiota transplant for treatment of Clostridium difficile infection in immunocompromised patients.

Objectives: Patients who are immunocompromised (IC) are at increased risk of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), which has increased to epidemic proportions over the past decade. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) appears effective for the treatment of CDI, although there is concern that IC patients may be at increased risk of having adverse events (AEs) related to FMT. This study describes the multicenter experience of FMT in IC patients.

Infectious diseases specialty intervention is associated with decreased mortality and lower healthcare costs.

Background: Previous studies, largely based on chart reviews with small sample sizes, have demonstrated that infectious diseases (ID) specialists positively impact patient outcomes. We investigated how ID specialists impact mortality, utilization, and costs using a large claims dataset.

Methods: We used administrative fee-for-service Medicare claims to identify beneficiaries hospitalized from 2008 to 2009 with at least 1 of 11 infections.

Devaluing a specialty: the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services proposal to eliminate consultation codes.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has proposed to eliminate payments for the Inpatient and Outpatient Consultation codes beginning on 1 January 2010. The intent appears to be to promote an increase in the supply of primary physicians by increasing payments for other Evaluation and Management services. This will worsen an already inequitable disparity in the payments for complex cognitive services in comparison to procedure-based specialties, to the detriment of infectious diseases physicians.

The value of infectious diseases specialists: non-patient care activities.

Recent developments in health care have focused efforts on both the national and local levels to reduce unnecessary health care costs and the number of hospital stays while increasing the quality of care, particularly in the context of hospital-associated infections. Infectious diseases specialists who contract to oversee infection-control and antibiotic-stewardship programs are uniquely positioned to play a pivotal role in helping hospitals to prosper in this new environment. This article will detail the available data supporting the value of infectious diseases specialists in their roles of directing antimicrobial-management and infection-control programs, maintaining health care workers' well-being, and minimizing exposure.

Healthcare-associated pneumonia in adults: management principles to improve outcomes.

Guidelines for Management of HAP were developed jointly by the ATS and IDSA in 2004. These guidelines were designed to improve patient outcomes and to decrease the emergence of MDR pathogens (see Fig. 1).

Strategies for mimicking Neisserial saccharide epitopes as vaccines.

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 2C7 recognizes a conserved and widely expressed oligosaccharide (OS) epitope on Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This OS epitope evokes a significant bactericidal and opsonic immune response after natural infection and vaccination. The OS epitope structure represents an excellent target for a potential protective gonococcal vaccine.

C4bp binding to porin mediates stable serum resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Screening of 29 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae revealed that 16/21 serum resistant strains and 0/8 serum sensitive strains bound C4bp, suggesting that C4bp binding to gonococci could contribute to serum resistance. C4bp bound to gonococci retained cofactor (C4b-degrading) function. Using allelic exchange to construct strains with hybrid Por1A/B molecules, we demonstrate that the N-terminal loop (loop 1) of Por1A is required for C4bp binding.

Binding of C4b-binding protein to porin: a molecular mechanism of serum resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

We screened 29 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and found 16/21 strains that resisted killing by normal human serum and 0/8 serum sensitive strains that bound the complement regulator, C4b-binding protein (C4bp). Microbial surface-bound C4bp demonstrated cofactor activity. We constructed gonococcal strains with hybrid porin (Por) molecules derived from each of the major serogroups (Por1A and Por1B) of N.

The contrasting mechanisms of serum resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and group B Neisseria meningitidis.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis have evolved intricate mechanisms to evade complement-mediated killing. Sialylation of gonococcal lipooligosaccharide (LOS) results in conversion of previously serum sensitive strains to unstable serum resistance, which is mediated by factor H binding. Porin (Por) is also instrumental in mediating stable serum resistance in gonococci.