The Scottish doctor--learning outcomes for the medical undergraduate in Scotland: a foundation for competent and reflective practitioners.

This paper describes a set of learning outcomes that clearly define the abilities of medical graduates from any of the five Scottish medical schools. The outcomes are divided into 12 domains that fit into one of three essential elements for the competent and reflective medical practitioner.

Chemical dissection and the ethics of preclinical science.

It is my contention in this paper that the bioethical landscape is closely linked to the model of health and disease with which we work, as scientists or as medical practitioners. The Human Genome Project is the logical extension of the dissection process, which has constituted the history of medical science. It is already revealing an ethical minefield which may result in harming the very people we need to serve.

Lung bioavailability of generic and innovator salbutamol metered dose inhalers.

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether significant differences exist in lung bioavailability between generic (Salamol, Salbulin) and innovator (Ventolin) formulations of inhaled salbutamol given by metered dose inhalers.

Methods: Ten healthy volunteers of mean age 20.5 years with a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of 112.

A comparison of the systemic bioactivity of inhaled budesonide and fluticasone propionate in normal subjects.

1. The aim of this study was to compare the systemic bioactivity of low and high doses of inhaled budesonide and fluticasone propionate given by respective dry powder inhaler devices. 2.

Post-traumatic diabetes insipidus combined with primary polydipsia.

We describe a case of diabetes insipidus after head injury in which thirst persisted despite treatment with DDAVP and normal plasma osmolality. Symptoms were only completely relieved when plasma osmolality was below 270 mosmol/kg. We believe that this might have been due to hypothalamic injury causing resetting of the thirst osmostat.