Centromere inactivation during aging can be rescued in human cells.

Aging involves a range of genetic, epigenetic, and physiological alterations. A key characteristic of aged cells is the loss of global heterochromatin, accompanied by a reduction in canonical histone levels. In this study, we track the fate of centromeres in aged human fibroblasts and tissues and in various cellular senescent models.

spp. Deep Sternal Wound Infections: A Consequence of Antibiotic use?

A cluster of deep sternal wound infections caused by spp. occurred at our institution. Investigation did not disclose a common environmental source.

Centromere inactivation during aging can be rescued in human cells.

Aging involves a range of genetic, epigenetic, and physiological alterations. A key characteristic of aged cells is the loss of global heterochromatin, accompanied by a reduction in canonical histone levels. In this study, we track the fate of centromeres during aging in human cells.

Nosocomial COVID-19 infection in the era of vaccination and antiviral therapy.

Background And Aims: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and antiviral therapies have altered the course of the COVID-19 pandemic through mitigating severe illness and death. However, immunocompromised, elderly and multimorbid patients remain at risk of poor outcomes and are overrepresented in hospital populations. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients with nosocomial COVID-19 infection.

"My Cancer Is Worth Only Fifteen Weeks"? A Critical Analysis of the Lived Experiences of Financial Toxicity and Cancer in Canada.

Background: Cancer patients experience financial hardship due to rising expenses related to cancer treatment and declining income levels associated with reduced employability. Employment Insurance Sick Benefits (EI-SB) is a social income support program which provides temporary income replacement to Canadians when they fall ill. Although EI-SB is designed to maintain continuity of income during an illness, little is known about the perspectives of cancer patients who receive EI-SB.

Undergraduate data science degrees emphasize computer science and statistics but fall short in ethics training and domain-specific context.

The interdisciplinary field of data science, which applies techniques from computer science and statistics to address questions across domains, has enjoyed recent considerable growth and interest. This emergence also extends to undergraduate education, whereby a growing number of institutions now offer degree programs in data science. However, there is considerable variation in what the field actually entails and, by extension, differences in how undergraduate programs prepare students for data-intensive careers.

Management of pyogenic liver abscess: a South Australian experience.

Background: There have been declining mortality rates associated with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) in recent decades due to improvements in percutaneous drainage techniques, access to imaging and improvements in supportive care. The aim of this study was to analyse the aetiology, management and outcome of PLA at a tertiary hospital in Adelaide.

Methods: Data was collected retrospectively from 80 patients who were admitted with a PLA between 2011 and 2018.

Parsing components of risk of premature mortality in the children of mothers with severe mental illness.

Introduction: Children of mothers with severe mental illness are at increased risk of premature death including in infancy and early childhood. Importantly, these children are also more likely to be exposed to adverse socio-demographic risk factors and serious obstetric complications which, of themselves, may increase risk for childhood mortality. We examined mortality outcome at different ages up to 5 years taking account of these risks.

Are familial liability for schizophrenia and obstetric complications independently associated with risk of psychotic illness, after adjusting for other environmental stressors in childhood?

Objective: The interplay between genetic and environmental factors on risk for psychotic illness remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to estimate independent and combined effects of familial liability for schizophrenia and exposure to obstetric complications on risk for developing psychotic illness, covarying with exposure to other environmental stressors.

Methods: This whole-population birth cohort study used record linkage across Western Australian statewide data collections (midwives, psychiatric, hospital admissions, child protection, mortality) to identify liveborn offspring ( = 1046) born 1980-1995 to mothers with schizophrenia, comparing them to offspring of mothers with no recorded psychiatric history ( = 298,370).

'Looking after the survivors': the health of a cohort of long-term human immunodeficiency virus patients 25 years on.

Background: Patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection have higher rates of cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and malignancy than their uninfected peers.

Aim: To survey the health of a South Australian cohort of long-term HIV patients, who had been diagnosed with HIV prior to the availability of combination antiretroviral therapy.

Methods: Data from 88 patients were collected retrospectively across four domains: demographics, HIV history, antiretroviral medication and medical comorbidity.

Intellectual Disability and Psychotic Disorders in Children: Association With Maternal Severe Mental Illness and Exposure to Obstetric Complications in a Whole-Population Cohort.

Objective: Children of mothers with severe mental illness are at significantly increased risk of developing intellectual disability. Obstetric complications are also implicated in the risk for intellectual disability. Moreover, children of mothers with severe mental illness are more likely to be exposed to obstetric complications.

Risk of neurological, eye and ear disease in offspring to parents with schizophrenia or depression compared with offspring to healthy parents.

Background: Neurological, visual and hearing deviations have been observed in the offspring of parents with schizophrenia. This study test whether children to parents hospitalized with schizophrenia have increased the likelihood of childhood neurological disorder.

Methods: Among all parents in Sweden born 1950-1985 and with offspring born 1968-2002: 7107 children with a parent hospitalized for schizophrenia were compared to 172 982 children with no parents hospitalized for schizophrenia or major depression, as well as to 32 494 children with a parent hospitalized for major depression as a control population with another severe psychiatric outcome.

Barbara Fish and a Short History of the Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis of Schizophrenia.

The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia has become a paradigm broadly accepted in today's research in schizophrenia and its spectrum. This article traces the historical development of the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia up until the time of its explicit formulation in 1987, by Weinberger and by Murray and Lewis, with a main focus on the seminal contribution of Barbara Fish to its conception and elaboration.

Prediction of adaptation difficulties by country of origin, cumulate psychosocial stressors and attitude toward integrating: a Swedish study of first-generation immigrants from Somalia, Vietnam and China.

Background: Different types of accumulated stress have been found to have negative consequences for immigrants' capacity to adapt to the new environment. It remains unclear which factors have the greatest influence.

Aims: The study investigated whether immigrants' experience of great difficulty in adapting to a new country could best be explained by (1) country of origin, (2) exposure to accumulated stressors before arrival or (3) after arrival in the new country and/or (4) reserved attitude toward integrating into the new society.

Pre- and perinatal hypoxia associated with hippocampus/amygdala volume in bipolar disorder.

Background: Pre- and perinatal adversities may increase the risk for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Hypoxia-related obstetric complications (OCs) are associated with brain anatomical abnormalities in schizophrenia, but their association with brain anatomy variation in bipolar disorder is unknown.

Method: Magnetic resonance imaging brain scans, clinical examinations and data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway were obtained for 219 adults, including 79 patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorder (age 29.

Intellectual disability and other neuropsychiatric outcomes in high-risk children of mothers with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and unipolar major depression.

Background: Recent evidence points to partially shared genetics of neuropsychiatric disorders.

Aims: We examined risk of intellectual disability and other neuropsychiatric outcomes in 3174 children of mothers with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or unipolar major depression compared with 3129 children of unaffected mothers.

Method: We used record linkage across Western Australian population-based registers.

Cortical folding in Broca's area relates to obstetric complications in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.

Background: The increased occurrence of obstetric complications (OCs) in patients with schizophrenia suggests that alterations in neurodevelopment may be of importance to the aetiology of the illness. Abnormal cortical folding may reflect subtle deviation from normal neurodevelopment during the foetal or neonatal period. In the present study, we hypothesized that OCs would be related to cortical folding abnormalities in schizophrenia patients corresponding to areas where patients with schizophrenia display altered cortical folding when compared with healthy controls.

Prospective study of pandysmaturation and adult mental disorder in high-risk and normal-risk offspring.

More than 50 years ago, Fish postulated that a special form of early abnormal neurodevelopment, "pandysmaturation", defined a priori as constituting retarded cranial development in the first year of life, combined with delay in early motor milestone attainment, was related to genetic risk for schizophrenia, and was associated with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders in young adulthood. Fish confirmed this in a very small sample. We retested Fish's postulation in a larger prospective study.

An exploratory model for G x E interaction on hippocampal volume in schizophrenia; obstetric complications and hypoxia-related genes.

Background: Smaller hippocampal volume has repeatedly been reported in schizophrenia patients. Obstetric complications (OCs) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation in schizophrenia susceptibility genes have independently been related to hippocampal volume. We investigated putative independent and interaction effects of severe hypoxia-related OCs and variation in four hypoxia-regulated schizophrenia susceptibility genes (BDNF, DTNBP1, GRM3 and NRG1) on hippocampal volume in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.

No effect of obstetric complications on basal ganglia volumes in schizophrenia.

Background: Heterogeneous findings have been reported in studies of basal ganglia volumes in schizophrenia patients as compared to healthy controls. The basal ganglia contain dopamine receptors that are known to be involved in schizophrenia pathology and to be vulnerable to pre- and perinatal hypoxic insults. Altered volumes of other brain structures (e.

Cerebral cortical thickness and a history of obstetric complications in schizophrenia.

Introduction: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have demonstrated that patients with schizophrenia have thinner brain cortices compared with healthy control subjects. Neurodevelopment is vulnerable to obstetric complications (OCs) such as hypoxia and birth trauma, factors that are also related to increased risk of developing schizophrenia. With the hypothesis that OCs might explain the thinner cortices found in schizophrenia, we studied patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls subjects for association between number and severity of OCs and variation in cortical thickness.

Schizophrenia: from the brain to peripheral markers. A consensus paper of the WFSBP task force on biological markers.

Objective. The phenotypic complexity, together with the multifarious nature of the so-called "schizophrenic psychoses", limits our ability to form a simple and logical biologically based hypothesis for the disease group. Biological markers are defined as biochemical, physiological or anatomical traits that are specific to particular conditions.

Unwanted pregnancy as a risk factor for offspring schizophrenia-spectrum and affective disorders in adulthood: a prospective high-risk study.

Background: This study investigated whether 'unwanted pregnancy' (i.e. a negative or ambivalent attitude towards the pregnancy/reproduction) is associated with schizophrenia-spectrum and affective disorders in the offspring in adulthood, and if so, whether other pregnancy, perinatal, childhood or genetic-risk factors account for this association.