Small Animal Multivariate Brain Analysis (SAMBA) - a High Throughput Pipeline with a Validation Framework.

While many neuroscience questions aim to understand the human brain, much current knowledge has been gained using animal models, which replicate genetic, structural, and connectivity aspects of the human brain. While voxel-based analysis (VBA) of preclinical magnetic resonance images is widely-used, a thorough examination of the statistical robustness, stability, and error rates is hindered by high computational demands of processing large arrays, and the many parameters involved therein. Thus, workflows are often based on intuition or experience, while preclinical validation studies remain scarce.

LTD at mossy fiber synapses onto stratum lucidum interneurons requires TrkB and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling.

Hippocampal mossy fiber axons simultaneously activate CA3 pyramidal cells and stratum lucidum interneurons (SLINs), the latter providing feedforward inhibition to control CA3 pyramidal cell excitability. Filopodial extensions of giant boutons of mossy fibers provide excitatory synaptic input to the SLIN. These filopodia undergo extraordinary structural plasticity causally linked to execution of memory tasks, leading us to seek the mechanisms by which activity regulates these synapses.

Climate-phenology-hydrology interactions in northern high latitudes: Assessing the value of remote sensing data in catchment ecohydrological studies.

We assessed the hydrological implications of climate effects on vegetation phenology in northern environments by fusion of data from remote-sensing and local catchment monitoring. Studies using satellite data have shown earlier and later dates for the start (SOS) and end of growing seasons (EOS), respectively, in the Northern Hemisphere over the last 3 decades. However, estimates of the change greatly depend on the satellite data utilized.

Seasonal environmental parameters influence biochemical responses of the fiddler crab Minuca rapax to contamination in situ.

The mudflat fiddler crab Minuca rapax, typical of mangroves and intertidal zones in the Western Atlantic Ocean, responds to fluctuations in environmental parameters by biochemical and physiological adjustments. Such biochemical effects are commonly employed in environmental studies as biomarkers of estuarine contamination. This study evaluates biochemical responses in the gills and hepatopancreas of M.

That Was Easy! Expectancy Violations During Exposure and Response Prevention for Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Violating expectancies during exposure therapy is proposed to promote inhibitory learning and improved treatment outcomes. Because people tend to overestimate how distressing emotionally challenging situations will be, violating expectations of distress may be an intuitive way to promote treatment outcome during exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). This study evaluated overpredictions of distress during exposure tasks in 33 youth with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; ages 8-17) participating in CBT.

A randomized controlled trial comparing tapentadol with oxycodone in non-breastfeeding women post elective cesarean section.

Background: Tapentadol may allow greater pain relief with reduced "opioid load" compared to oxycodone. Its use has not been studied in the obstetric population. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and side effect profile of tapentadol with oxycodone in patients who received spinal anesthesia for elective cesarean section.

Survey of European pet owners quantifying endoparasitic infection risk and implications for deworming recommendations.

Background: Zoonotic endoparasites pose risks to pets and people. The European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites (ESCCAP) created risk groupings for dogs (A-D) and for cats (A-B), with the highest risk pets (Group D dogs and Group B cats) receiving the most frequent testing and/or deworming recommendations. Little information exists on current deworming behaviours across Europe, alignment to accepted guidelines and the percentage of dogs and cats falling into ESCCAP groups.

Basic Cardiovascular Sciences Scientific Sessions 2018.

Among its 16 councils, the Basic Cardiovascular Sciences (BCVS) Council of the American Heart Association (AHA) is leading the way, with strong membership and increasing popularity of its annual summer scientific sessions. The 2018 Scientific Sessions were held in San Antonio, Texas, between July 29 and August 2, 2018 with a focus on innovations in cardiovascular research. This theme predominated the scientific and early career sessions, as well as the women in science breakfast, poster sessions, council dinner, joint Academy of Cardiovascular Research Excellence and the Acta Pharmacologica Sinica satellite symposium.

Skeletal myosin binding protein-C: An increasingly important regulator of striated muscle physiology.

The Myosin Binding Protein-C (MyBP-C) family is a group of sarcomeric proteins important for striated muscle structure and function. Comprising approximately 2% of the myofilament mass, MyBP-C has important roles in both contraction and relaxation. Three paralogs of MyBP-C are encoded by separate genes with distinct expression profiles in striated muscle.

Adoptive Treg Cell Therapy in a Patient With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective: Adoptive Treg cell therapy has great potential to treat autoimmune disease. Currently, very little is known about how these cells impact inflamed tissues. This study was undertaken to elucidate how autologous Treg cell therapy influences tissue inflammation in human autoimmune disease.

Kinetic characterization of the gill (Na, K)-ATPase in a hololimnetic population of the diadromous Amazon River shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum (Decapoda, Palaemonidae).

We provide a kinetic characterization of (Na, K)-ATPase activity in a posterior gill microsomal fraction from a hololimnetic population of the diadromous Amazon River shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum. Sucrose density gradient centrifugation reveals two distinct membrane fractions showing considerable (Na, K)ATP-ase activity, but also containing other microsomal ATPases. Only a single immune-reactive (Na, K)-ATPase with M of ≈110 kDa is present that hydrolyzes ATP with V = 130.

Three-dimensional evaluation of the maxillary effects of two orthopaedic protocols for the treatment of Class III malocclusion: A prospective study.

Objectives: To compare the three-dimensional maxillary dentoskeletal effects of a modified alternate rapid maxillary expansion and constriction facemask protocol (Alt-RAMEC/FM) with the traditional rapid maxillary expansion facemask protocol (RME/FM) performed in deciduous or early mixed dentition Class III patients.

Setting And Sample Population: Orthodontic Clinic of the Section of Dentistry of the Department of Surgery and Translational Medicine of the University of Florence. Thirty-four Class III patients were enrolled and allocated by alternating assignment to either Alt-RAMEC/FM or RME/FM therapy.

Influence of Sulfur-Containing Diamino Acid Structure on Covalently Crosslinked Copolypeptide Hydrogels.

Biologically occurring non-canonical di-α-amino acids were converted into new di-N-carboxyanhydride (di-NCA) monomers in reasonable yields with high purity. Five different di-NCAs were separately copolymerized with tert-butyl-l-glutamate NCA to obtain covalently crosslinked copolypeptides capable of forming hydrogels with varying crosslinker density. Comparison of hydrogel properties with residue structure revealed that different di-α-amino acids were not equivalent in crosslink formation.

Lower Extremity Function Is Independently Associated With Hospitalization Burden in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Background: Frailty reflects decreased resilience to physiological stressors; its prevalence and prognosis are not fully defined in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods: The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) was prospectively obtained in 114 outpatients with HFpEF. The SPPB tests gait speed, tandem balance, and timed chair rises, each scored from 0 to 4 points.

Efficacy of brief behavioral treatment for insomnia in older adults: examination of sleep, mood, and cognitive outcomes.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of a brief behavioral intervention for insomnia (BBTi) on sleep parameters, mood, and cognitive functioning in older adults.

Methods: Older adults (aged 65 years or more) underwent four weekly sessions of BBTi or self-monitoring control (SMC). Participants completed 14 days of sleep diaries and actigraphy measuring sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and sleep quality ratings at baseline, post-treatment, and three month follow-up.

Three-dimensional assessment of the middle cranial fossa and central skull base following Herbst appliance treatment.

Objectives:: The purpose of this three-dimensional (3D) study was to assess retrospectively the middle cranial fossa and central skull base of patients treated with the Herbst appliance (HA).

Materials And Methods:: 3D surface virtual models of 40 Class II, division 1 malocclusion patients were generated from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) acquired before treatment (T0) and after 8 months of HA treatment (T1). T0 and T1 3D models were superimposed volumetrically at the anterior cranial fossa.

Epidemiology and clinical outcomes of hepatitis delta (D) virus infection in Queensland, Australia.

Objectives: To investigate the epidemiology, clinical characteristics and outcomes of those with hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection in Queensland, Australia.

Design: Retrospective cohort study of individuals tested for HDV between 1997 and 2016 in the public healthcare system in Queensland.

Results: 179 individuals recorded positive HDV serology between 1997 and 2016, with a total of 4407 individuals undergoing testing (seroprevalence 4.

Echoes of Early Life: Recent Insights From Mathematical Modeling.

In the last decades, developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) has emerged as a central framework for studying early-life effects, that is, the impact of fetal and early postnatal experience on adult functioning. Apace with empirical progress, theoreticians have built mathematical models that provide novel insights for DOHaD. This article focuses on three of these insights, which show the power of environmental noise (i.

Short- and long-term salinity challenge, osmoregulatory ability, and (Na, K)-ATPase kinetics and α-subunit mRNA expression in the gills of the thinstripe hermit crab Clibanarius symmetricus (Anomura, Diogenidae).

The evolutionary history of the Crustacea reveals ample adaptive radiation and the subsequent occupation of many osmotic niches resulting from physiological plasticity in their osmoregulatory mechanisms. We evaluate osmoregulatory ability in the intertidal, thinstripe hermit crab Clibanarius symmetricus after short-term exposure (6 h) or long-term acclimation (10 days) to a wide salinity range, also analyzing kinetic behavior and α-subunit mRNA expression of the gill (Na, K)-ATPase. The crab strongly hyper-regulates its hemolymph at 5 and 15‰S (Salinity, g L) but weakly hyper-regulates up to ≈27‰S.

Exposure therapy for youth with anxiety: Utilization rates and predictors of implementation in a sample of practicing clinicians from across the United States.

Exposure therapy is a highly effective, evidence-based treatment technique for children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. Regardless, therapists in the community are reported to use exposure relatively rarely compared with other approaches. The goal of the present study was to identify how practicing clinicians treat youth with anxiety disorders across the United States and what factors contribute to their use of exposure therapy.

Two yellow luminescence bands in undoped GaN.

Two yellow luminescence bands related to different defects have been revealed in undoped GaN grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE). One of them, labeled YL1, has the zero-phonon line (ZPL) at 2.57 eV and the band maximum at 2.