Approaches, Barriers, and Facilitators in Statewide Initiative to Combat Opioid Overdose: A Narrative Review of Ohio's Experiences During the HEALing Communities Study.

Objectives: Opioid-associated fatal and non-fatal overdose rates continue to rise. Prehospital overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs are attractive harm-reduction strategies, as patients who are not transported by EMS after receiving naloxone have limited access to other interventions. This narrative summary describes our experiences with prehospital implementation of evidence-based OEND practices across Ohio as part of the HEALing Communities Study (HCS).

Prehospital Trauma Compendium: Fluid Resuscitation in Trauma - a Position Statement and Resource Document of NAEMSP.

Fluid resuscitation choices in prehospital trauma care are limited, with most Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agencies only having access to crystalloids. Which solution to use, how much to administer, and judging the individual risks and benefits of giving or withholding fluids remains an area of uncertainty. To address the role of crystalloid fluids in prehospital trauma care, we reviewed the available relevant literature and developed recommendations to guide clinical care.

Co-design and evaluation of an audio podcast about sustainable development goals for undergraduate nursing and midwifery students.

Background: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are universally recognised targets designed to combat poverty, inequality, and climate change. However, there exists limited awareness and understanding of these goals among nursing and midwifery students. To address this knowledge gap, a co-designed audio podcast was introduced as an educational tool to enhance students' comprehension of SDGs and their relevance to the healthcare profession.

Exploring perceptions of what increased gender diversity might bring to the nursing profession.

Aims: To explore university nursing students and academic staff's perceptions of what increased gender diversity might bring to the nursing profession.

Design: An exploratory study with students and academic staff from two university nursing schools.

Methods: Students and staff in two university nursing schools were invited to participate in an anonymous online survey (October-November 2022).

Out-of-Hospital Intranasal Ketamine as an Adjunct to Fentanyl for the Treatment of Acute Traumatic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Study Objective: To evaluate if out-of-hospital administration of fentanyl and intranasal ketamine, compared to fentanyl alone, improves early pain control after injury.

Methods: We conducted an out-of-hospital randomized, placebo-controlled, blinded, parallel group clinical trial from October 2017 to December 2021. Participants were male, aged 18 to 65 years, receiving fentanyl to treat acute traumatic pain prior to hospital arrival, treated by an urban fire-based emergency medical services agency, and transported to the region's only adult Level I trauma center.

Trial of labour following two previous caesarean sections - A UK cohort study.

Objectives: To assess the (i) predictors of and associated rates of success and; (ii) maternal and perinatal outcomes of women undergoing trial of labour after two previous caesarean sections (TOLA2C).

Study Design: This retrospective cohort study collected data from two regional obstetric centres with 12,000 deliveries per annum collectively. The population included singleton pregnancies undergoing (i) TOLA2C, (ii) elective repeat caesarean section following two caesarean sections (ERCS) and (iii) trial of labour after one caesarean section (TOLA1C).

The effects of prehospital TXA on mortality and neurologic outcomes in patients with traumatic intracranial hemorrhage: A subgroup analysis from the prehospital TXA for TBI trial.

Background: In the prehospital tranexamic acid (TXA) for traumatic brain injury (TBI) trial, TXA administered within 2 hours of injury in the out-of-hospital setting did not reduce mortality in all patients with moderate/severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We examined the association between TXA dosing arms, neurologic outcome, and mortality in patients with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) on computed tomography (CT).

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the Prehospital Tranexamic Acid for TBI Trial ( ClinicalTrials.

The malignant transformation of endometriosis: Is there a left lateral predisposition of ovarian clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas?

Introduction: Endometriosis affects 10% of women of reproductive age. There is evidence for a left lateral predisposition of endometriotic lesions and a 1.9-fold greater risk of ovarian cancer in endometriosis.

Intra-arrest blood-based biomarkers for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A scoping review.

Objective: Blood-based biomarkers play a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients, yet none are routinely measured during the intra-arrest phase of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Our objective was to describe methodological aspects, sources of evidence, and gaps in research surrounding intra-arrest blood-based biomarkers for OHCA.

Methods: We used scoping review methodology to summarize existing literature.

Stakeholder Perceptions of Complementary and Integrative Medicines from People Living with Rare Diseases in Northern Ireland: A Mixed Methods Study.

Introduction: Only 5% of rare diseases have an approved treatment available, therefore patients often utilise complementary and integrative medicines (CIMs) to help manage their condition. Limited high-quality evidence-based studies are available which support the effectiveness of CIM, as it is difficult to show that an outcome is a direct result of the CIM intervention and not due to bias. Patients and healthcare professionals must weigh up the evidence quality, safety, efficacy, practical logistics, and financial implications of utilising CIM for rare diseases.

Fish consumption and its lipid modifying effects - A review of intervention studies.

Fish is an important source of nutrients, particularly the long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs). The incorporation of fish into the diet has been shown to have several health benefits, including lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Elevated plasma lipids are one of the main modifiable risk factors contributing to CVD and may be partly mediated by n-3 PUFAs.

Evaluation of a co-designed Parkinson's awareness audio podcast for undergraduate nursing students in Northern Ireland.

Background: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common neurological condition that often causes stiffness, tremor and slow movement. People living with PD are likely to encounter nursing students throughout their journey from pre-diagnosis to death. Despite this, there is a paucity of evidence about current practice in PD education amongst nursing students.

The effect of COVID-19 on the cervical screening programme within a Northern Irish Health and Social care trust.

Precis: COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the waiting times for cervical screening and colposcopy but no impact on the severity of disease outcomes.

Abstract: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cervical screening programme and colposcopy services in Northern Ireland. All new patients referred to colposcopy following an abnormal cervical smear result from September to November 2019 and 2020 were included.

Remnant Blood Quantification: Informing the Definition of Minimal Risk in Clinical Research.

Guidelines from the Office for Human Research Protections regarding categories of research that institutional review boards (IRBs) may review through expedited procedures limit the volume of blood that can be obtained from research participants for minimal risk research purposes. As defined by the Common Rule, minimal risk research is research in which the probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort anticipated are not greater than the probability and magnitude of harm or discomfort encountered from routine clinical tests. For this study, we considered the volume of remnant blood following routine clinical tests in light of the current definition of minimal risk in research.

Prehospital Stroke Care Part 2: On-Scene Evaluation and Management by Emergency Medical Services Practitioners.

The prehospital phase is a critical component of delivering high-quality acute stroke care. This topical review discusses the current state of prehospital acute stroke screening and transport, as well as new and emerging advances in prehospital diagnosis and treatment of acute stroke. Topics include prehospital stroke screening, stroke severity screening, emerging technologies to aid in the identification and diagnosis of acute stroke in the prehospital setting, prenotification of receiving emergency departments, decision support for destination determination, and the capabilities and opportunities for prehospital stroke treatment in mobile stroke units.

LUCAS Device Use Associated with Prolonged Pauses during Application and Long Chest Compression Intervals.

Background: Tenets of high-quality out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) resuscitation include early recognition and treatment of shockable rhythms, and minimizing interruptions in compressions. Little is known about how use of a mechanical compression device affects these elements. We hypothesize that use of such a device is associated with prolonged pauses in compressions to apply the device, and long compression intervals overall.

Needs of informal caregivers of people with a rare disease: a rapid review of the literature.

Objectives: Many people living with a rare disease (RD) are cared for by a family member. Due to a frequent lack of individual RD knowledge from healthcare professionals, the patient and their informal caregiver are frequently obliged to become 'experts' in their specific condition. This puts a huge strain on family life and results in caregivers juggling multiple roles in addition to unique caring roles including as advocate, case manager and medical navigator.

Ventilation rates measured by capnography during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest resuscitations and their association with return of spontaneous circulation.

Background: Clinical guidelines for adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) recommend a ventilation rate of 8-10 per minute yet acknowledge that few data exist to guide recommendations. The goal of this study was to evaluate the utility of continuous capnography to measure ventilation rates and the association with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC).

Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study.

The impact of telephone consultations due to COVID-19 on paediatric neurosurgical health services.

Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of telephone consultations due to the pandemic in the management of paediatric neurosurgical patients and, furthermore, to examine the proportion of patients who eventually needed a face-to-face appointment and assess the underline reasons for that.

Methods: This retrospective study included all the paediatric neurosurgical patients who had a telephone appointment during a 3-month lockdown period. Overall, 319 patients (186 males and 133 females) aged 8.

A Formative Study of the Implementation of Whole Genome Sequencing in Northern Ireland.

Background: The UK 100,000 Genomes Project was a transformational research project which facilitated whole genome sequencing (WGS) diagnostics for rare diseases. We evaluated experiences of introducing WGS in Northern Ireland, providing recommendations for future projects. Methods: This formative evaluation included (1) an appraisal of the logistics of implementing and delivering WGS, (2) a survey of participant self-reported views and experiences, (3) semi-structured interviews with healthcare staff as key informants who were involved in the delivery of WGS and (4) a workshop discussion about interprofessional collaboration with respect to molecular diagnostics.