Positive and negative subjective effects of extended-release oxymorphone versus controlled-release oxycodone in recreational opioid users.

Objective: To compare the subjective effects of oxymorphone extended release (OM-ER) versus oxycodone controlled release (OC-CR).

Design: Randomized, double-blind, crossover study.

Setting: Inpatient unit.

Reduced cognitive and psychomotor impairment with extended-release oxymorphone versus controlled-release oxycodone.

Background: Opioids provide effective pain control, yet have risks including adverse events (AEs) (e.g., constipation, nausea/vomiting, sedation) and cognitive/psychomotor effects.

A retrospective evaluation of congestive heart failure and myocardial ischemia events in 14,237 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus enrolled in 42 short-term, double-blind, randomized clinical studies with rosiglitazone.

Purpose: Retrospectively investigate potential associations between rosiglitazone and congestive heart failure (CHF) and, separately, events of myocardial ischemia.

Methods: Data from 14 237 individuals in 42 short-term, double-blind, randomized studies of rosiglitazone versus placebo or active diabetes medications were analyzed across seven treatment comparisons using an exact logistic regression model, adjusted for number of major cardiovascular risk factors and duration of exposure.

Results: CHF incidence ranged 0-1.

A 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the efficacy and tolerability of combination therapy with rosiglitazone and sulfonylurea in African American and Hispanic American patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with sulfonylurea monotherapy.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is twice as prevalent in African Americans and Hispanic Americans as in non-Hispanic whites. However, the effectiveness and safety profile of rosiglitazone maleate used as combination therapy with sulfonylureas in the management of diabetes and its effect on cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers/parameters have not been studied in these populations.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of the addition of rosiglitazone to a regimen of glyburide once daily in African American and Hispanic American patients with type 2 diabetes previously inadequately controlled with sulfonylurea monotherapy.

A randomized, placebo-controlled trial assessing the effects of rosiglitazone on echocardiographic function and cardiac status in type 2 diabetic patients with New York Heart Association Functional Class I or II Heart Failure.

Objectives: This study investigated the effects of rosiglitazone (RSG) on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and pre-existing chronic heart failure (CHF) (New York Heart Association [NYHA] functional class I to II).

Background: Fluid retention is an important consideration in the use of thiazolidinediones in T2DM patients because it could exacerbate symptoms or precipitate decompensation in those with previously stable CHF.

Methods: A total of 224 patients with T2DM and NYHA functional class I to II CHF with LVEF < or =45% were randomized to a 52-week treatment with RSG (4 to 8 mg daily, n = 110) or placebo (PLB) (n = 114) in addition to background antidiabetes therapy.

Effect of rosiglitazone on factors related to endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The effect of the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone (RSG) on biological markers of endothelial dysfunction in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was investigated in a 12-week, multi-center, randomized, double-blind study. One hundred and thirty-six subjects aged 40-70 years, with FPG > or = 7.0 and < or = 15.

Rosiglitazone reduces microalbuminuria and blood pressure independently of glycemia in type 2 diabetes patients with microalbuminuria.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that rosiglitazone combined with metformin provides a greater reduction in microalbuminuria and blood pressure than metformin and glyburide at comparable levels of glycemic control.

Methods: In a double-blind, parallel-group design 389 participants with type 2 diabetes were followed for 32 weeks.

Results: Urinary albumin: creatinine ratio was significantly reduced at 32 weeks compared with baseline in the rosiglitazone plus metformin group (-22.

Rosiglitazone/metformin fixed-dose combination compared with uptitrated metformin alone in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 24-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study.

Background: Management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) that involves uptitration of monotherapy to the maximum dose has been associated with delays in achieving glycemic control and an increased number of adverse events (AEs). Studies have reported the benefits of adding a thiazolidinedione to metformin (MET), but none has compared the effect of adding a thiazolidinedione to MET versus increasing the daily dose of MET to 3 g.

Objective: The goal of this study was to investigate the benefits of fixed-dose combination rosiglitazone and MET (RSG/MET) compared with high-dose MET monotherapy in patients with type 2 DM.

The effect of temperature on the rate-dependent decrease of the rat ventricular calcium current.

We have investigated the effect of temperature upon the rate-dependent decrease in the L-type Ca2+ current (iCa) in isolated rat ventricular myocytes. Increasing the rate of stimulation from 0.5 to 3.

The role of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange current in electrical restitution in ferret ventricular cells.

1. The mechanisms underlying electrical restitution (recovery of action potential duration after a preceding beat) were investigated in ferret ventricular cells. The time to 80% recovery (t80) of action potential duration was approximately 204 ms.

Comparison of ultra-slow, voltage-dependent inactivation of the cardiac L-type Ca2+ channel with Ca2+ or Ba2+ as the charge carrier in ferret ventricular myocytes.

The whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to investigate the effect of different charge carriers upon ultra-slow voltage-dependent inactivation of L-type Ca2+ channel current in ferret ventricular myocytes at 37 degrees C. Intracellular Ca2+ was buffered with 10 mM EGTA and the membrane potential held at -40 mV. With Ba2+ as the charge carrier, the L-type current decayed throughout 20 s pulses to 0 mV as a result of ultra-slow voltage-dependent inactivation.

Regional differences in the negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine within the canine ventricle.

1. Regional differences in the effects of ACh on sub-epicardial, mid-wall and sub-endocardial cells of the dog left ventricle have been studied. 2.

Inhibition of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by imipramine and desipramine.

The actions of two structurally related tricyclic antidepressants on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors were investigated in human neuroblastoma (SY-SY5Y) cells, using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Both desipramine and imipramine reversibly inhibited inward currents evoked by application of the nicotinic receptor agonist dimethylphenylpiperazinium iodide (30-300 microM) with IC50 values of 0.17 microM and 1.

A direct negative inotropic effect of acetylcholine on rat ventricular myocytes.

Acetylcholine (ACh) decreased the contraction of rat ventricular cells within 20 s. ACh (3.1 x 10(-8) M) produced a half-maximal effect and 10(-6) M ACh produced a maximal effect (a 23.