Air pollution, metabolic signatures, and the risk of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Air pollution has been associated with a higher incidence of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), yet this metabolic mechanism remains unclear. 185,865 participants were included in the UK Biobank. We estimated air pollution exposure using the bilinear interpolation approach, including fine particle matter with diameter < 2.

Associations between anthropogenic heat emissions and serum lipids among adults in northeastern China.

Few epidemiological studies have investigated associations between anthropogenic heat emissions (AE) and serum lipids. We recruited 15,477 adults from 33 communities in northeastern China in 2009. We estimated AE flux by using data on energy consumption and socio-economic statistics covering building, transportation, industry, and human metabolism.

Estradiol deficiency as a consequence of aging contributes to the depletion of the satellite cell pool in female mice.

The effects of aging on the satellite cell pool have primarily been studied in male mice, where the role of cell-intrinsic versus environmental changes on satellite cell function remains contentious. Estradiol is necessary for maintenance of satellite cell pool size in adult female mice-here we investigate the hypothesis that in females, estradiol is a major environmental driver of age-associated effects on satellite cells. In 24-26 month-old ovarian senescent mice, we find the satellite cell pool size is severely diminished in certain muscles (TA and EDL) but only marginally affected in others (soleus and gastrocnemius).

Metabolomic profiling identifies signatures and biomarkers linking air pollution to dementia risk: A prospective cohort study.

Exposure to air pollution has been associated with increased dementia. However, it remains unknown what specific metabolic mechanisms play a role in this relationship. We included 192,300 dementia-free participants from the UK Biobank cohort study.

Chlorinated Polyfluoroalkyl Ether Sulfonic Acids (Cl-PFESAs) Are Associated with Eye Diseases in Humans and Eye Toxicity in Zebrafish.

Evidence from animal experiments has shown that chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESAs) can induce vision dysfunction in zebrafish. However, environmental epidemiological evidence supporting this hypothesis remains limited. In our case-control study, samples collected from 270 individuals (135 controls and 135 cases) from the Isomers of C8 Health Project data were analyzed for Cl-PFESAs.

Plasma metabolomic signature of healthy lifestyle, structural brain reserve and risk of dementia.

Although the association between healthy lifestyle and dementia risk has been documented, the relationship between a metabolic signature indicative of healthy lifestyle and dementia risk and the mediating role of structural brain impairment remain unknown. We retrieved 136 628 dementia-free participants from UK Biobank. Elastic net regression was used to obtain a metabolic signature that represented lifestyle behaviours.

Air pollution associated with cardiopulmonary disease and mortality among participants with preserved ratio impaired spirometry.

Background: Epidemiological evidence regarding the association between air pollutants and cardiopulmonary disease, mortality in individuals with preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm), and their combined effects remains unclear.

Methods: We followed 36,149 participants with PRISm in the UK Biobank study. Annual concentrations of PM, PM, NO, NO, and SO at residential addresses were determined using a bilinear interpolation method, accounting for address changes.

Air pollution, APOE genotype and risk of dementia among individuals with cardiovascular diseases: A population-based longitudinal study.

Individuals with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are particularly vulnerable to dementia, but it remains unclear whether air pollution exposure links with higher risk of dementia among those with CVD. The data were derived from the UK Biobank study (UKB). Dementia-free participants with CVD at baseline were included.

Effects of Empagliflozin-Induced Glycosuria on Weight Gain, Food Intake and Metabolic Indicators in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.

Background: Sodium glucose-linked transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors promote glucose, and therefore calorie, excretion in the urine. Patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors typically experience mild weight loss, but the amount of weight loss falls short of what is expected based on caloric loss. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for this weight loss discrepancy is imperative, as strategies to improve weight loss could markedly improve type 2 diabetes management and overall metabolic health.

Sex differences in insulin regulation of skeletal muscle glycogen synthase and changes during weight loss and exercise in adults.

Objective: The authors sought to understand sex differences in muscle metabolism in 73 older men and women.

Methods: Body composition, VOmax, and insulin sensitivity (M) by 3-hour hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were measured.

Results: Women had lower body weight, VOmax, and fat-free mass than men.

Ablation of skeletal muscle estrogen receptor alpha impairs contractility in male mice.

Estradiol and estrogen receptor α (ERα) have been shown to be important for the maintenance of skeletal muscle strength in females; however, little is known about the roles of estradiol and ERα in male muscle. The purpose of this study was to determine if skeletal muscle ERα is required for optimal contractility in male mice. We hypothesize that reduced ERα in skeletal muscle impairs contractility in male mice.

Short-Term Ambient Air Pollution and Urticaria in Guangzhou, China: Estimating the Association and Population Attributable Fraction.

Limited evidence is available regarding the association between acute exposure to ambient air pollutants and the risk of urticaria, even though the skin is an organ with direct contact with the external environment. This study utilized generalized additive models to investigate the association between particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 μm (PM) and 2.5 μm (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO), and daily outpatient visits for urticaria in Guangzhou, China from 2013 to 2017.

The effects of long-term exposure to air pollution on incident mental disorders among patients with prediabetes and diabetes: Findings from a large prospective cohort.

Background: The association between air pollution and mental disorders has been widely documented in the general population. However, the evidence among susceptible populations, such as individuals with prediabetes or diabetes, is still insufficient.

Methods: We analyzed data from 48,515 participants with prediabetes and 24,393 participants with diabetes from the UK Biobank.

Hypoxia Resistance Is an Inherent Phenotype of the Mouse Flexor Digitorum Brevis Skeletal Muscle.

The various functions of skeletal muscle (movement, respiration, thermogenesis, etc.) require the presence of oxygen (O). Inadequate O bioavailability (ie, hypoxia) is detrimental to muscle function and, in chronic cases, can result in muscle wasting.

Are credit scores and financial well-being associated with physical health?

Consumer credit score has been used as an indicator of financial strain that could potentially impact health. Subjective financial well-being, or one's feelings about one's expectations, preferences, and satisfaction with their financial situation, is related to financial strain. This study examined whether subjective financial well-being mediates the association between credit score and self-reported physical health in a national representative sample.

Short-term air pollution exposure associated with death from kidney diseases: a nationwide time-stratified case-crossover study in China from 2015 to 2019.

Background: Long-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with the onset and progression of kidney diseases, but the association between short-term exposure to air pollution and mortality of kidney diseases has not yet been reported.

Methods: A nationally representative sample of 101,919 deaths from kidney diseases was collected from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention from 2015 to 2019. A time-stratified case-crossover study was applied to determine the associations.

Long-term exposure to ambient air pollution, circadian syndrome and cardiovascular disease: A nationwide study in China.

Objectives: Epidemiological evidence suggests associations between ambient air pollution and cardiovascular disease (CVD), while circadian rhythm dysregulation, presented by circadian syndrome (CircS), is emerging as a new proxy to cardiovascular disorder that could provide a bridge between them. The present study aims to clarify the effect of high levels ambient air pollution exposure on CircS and CVD in China.

Methods: From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, we recruited 9116 Chinese participants in 2011 and followed them to 2015.

Physical activity during pregnancy and adverse birth outcome: a prospective cohort study in China.

The relationship between prenatal physical activity (PA) and adverse birth outcomes is still inconclusive. We aimed to investigate the association between PA during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes by using data from the Guangxi Zhuang birth cohort (GZBC) in China. A total of 11,292 mother-infant pairs were included from GZBC in China.

Muscle-Specific Ablation of Glucose Transporter 1 (GLUT1) Does Not Impair Basal or Overload-Stimulated Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake.

Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) is believed to solely mediate basal (insulin-independent) glucose uptake in skeletal muscle; yet recent work has demonstrated that mechanical overload, a model of resistance exercise training, increases muscle GLUT1 levels. The primary objective of this study was to determine if GLUT1 is necessary for basal or overload-stimulated muscle glucose uptake. Muscle-specific GLUT1 knockout (mGLUT1KO) mice were generated and examined for changes in body weight, body composition, metabolism, systemic glucose regulation, muscle glucose transporters, and muscle [H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake ± the GLUT1 inhibitor BAY-876.

Exposure to ambient particulate matter and hyperuricemia: An eight-year prospective cohort study on male traffic officers in China.

Background And Objectives: Studies on the effects of airborne particulates of diameter ≤ 1 µm (PM), airborne particulates of diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM) and airborne particulates of diameter ranges from 1 to 2.5 µm (PM) on incidence of hyperuricemia are limited.

Cold spells linked with respiratory disease hospitalization, length of hospital stay, and hospital expenses: Exploring cumulative and harvesting effects.

Background: Previous studies have revealed the relationship between cold spells and morbidity and mortality due to respiratory diseases, while the detrimental effects of cold spells on the length of hospital stay and hospitalization expenses remain largely unknown.

Methods: We collected hospitalization data for respiratory diseases in 11 cities of Shanxi, China during 2017-2019. In each case, exposure to meteorological variables and air pollution was estimated by the bilinear interpolation approach and inverse distance weighting method, respectively, and then averaged at the city level.